NATIONAL STANDARD OF HEAT CAPACITY MEASUREMENT OF SOLIDS IN THE RANGE OF 4.2—90K——AN AUTOMATED ADIABATIC CALORIMETER FROM 25 TO 90K AND MOLAR HEAT CAPACITIES OF α-ALUMINA

The construction of an automated adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement ofsolids in the temperature range of 25- 90K is described in detail. The sample vessel of thecalorimeter has thin radial vanes which make no contact with its inner wall and are distrib-uted evenly, thus greatly improving the internal thermal equilibration of the vessel. Theprecision of temperature control for the adiabatic shields and electrical leads of the calori-metric system are heightened to a great extent by using the high precision ACD- 79 modeladiabatic controller specially developed by us for this purpose. Measurements of the heatcapacities of high purity α-Al_2O_3, one of the internationally-accepted standard referencematerials, agree with those of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), USA within ±0.3%,demonstrating the reliability of this apparatus.     

4.2—90K固体比热容国家标准的建立——Ⅰ.25—90K自动绝热量热计及α-Al_2O_3的摩尔热容

本文详细描述了一套用于25—90K温区内精密测定固体热容的自动绝热量热计及其低温恒温器的结构,对样品容器特别设计了与内壁非接触、薄壁径向、分布均匀的散热片,充分改善了量热容器内部的热平衡条件,对绝热控制研制了专用的高精度ACD-79型绝热控温仪,大大提高了量热系统中热屏和导线的控温精度,用国产标准参考材料,高纯α-A1_2O_3检测了该量热计的性能;α-A1_2O_3摩尔热容实验结果与美国标准局数据比对其标准偏差为±0.3％—±0.1％。