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Different from many existing studies on the parametrization of vortices,we investigate the effectiveness of two new parameters for identifying the vortex stretching and vortex relaxing mechanisms.These parameters are invariants and identify three-dimensional flow structures only,i.e. they diminish in two-dimensional flows.This is also unlike the existing vortex identification approaches which deliver information in two-dimensional flows.The present proposals have been successfully applied to identify the stretching and relaxing vortices in compressible mixing layers and natural convection flows. 相似文献
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The ultracold polar molecules with the tunable dipole-dipole interaction, not only would enable explorations of a large class of exotic many-body physics phenomena, but also could be used for quantum information processing. In the present paper we demonstrate that this dipole-dipole interaction can generate the degenerate chiral quantum states acting as a qubit robust against noise when the ultracold polar molecules are confined by a triangular lattice. Moreover, we also find two first-order quantum phase transitions by controlling an external driving field. One is the transition with the change of the different degenerate chiral quantum states. The other is the transition with the breaking of the degenerate quantum chiral states to the nondegenerate state. In experiment, these first-order quantum phase transitions can be detected by measuring the collective molecular population. 相似文献
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