Synthesis of Calix[4]arene Derivatives with NLO Properties

The new chromophore compounds with NLO properties were prepared by Knoevenagel condensation from forrnyl or diformyl calix[4/arene and isophorone derivatives in the presence of piperidine and acetic acid, respectively. In these chromophore calix[4]arenes, the ring locked trienes were employed as the conjugation bridge and electron acceptor in D-π-A units. The NMR spectra demonstrated that they existed in a cone conformation and consequently non-conjugated D-π-A units could be oriented at nearly the same direction.     

石墨烯在有机/聚合物太阳能电池中的应用进展

近年来有机/聚合物太阳能电池得到国内外研究者的广泛关注,但其目前较低的能量转换效率有待进一步提高以满足市场化的需求。本文综述了新型二维电子材料石墨烯及其衍生物在有机/聚合物太阳能电池的受体材料、电极材料、电荷传输材料方面的研究进展,分析了石墨烯功能化的方法以及石墨烯衍生物应用于有机太阳能电池中的性能参数,最后对石墨烯及其衍生物的合成和修饰方法进行展望,以期将来在有机太阳能电池材料中得到更好的应用。     

Calix[4] crowns with Methoxynaphthoylmethyl Pendant Groups

The novel calix [4] crowns with two pendant groups were prepared by the alkylation of calix 141 crowns with 6-methoxy-2-bromoacetylnaphthalene. ^1H NMR titration and picrate extraction experiments indicated that they exhibit higher complexing efficiency than their parent compounds and possess obvious selectivity for Na^ or K^ , respetively, and that the cation is encapsulated inside the preorganized ionophoric cavity defined by carbonyl oxygens, the crown ether and the phenoxy oxygens.From UV and fluorescent spectra it is revealed that calix [4]crown-4 3a with 6-methoxy-2-naphthoylmethyl pedant groups exhibits remarkable cation-induced photophysical effects and it could be utilized as a selective fluorescent sensor for Ca^2 .     

A Convenient and Environmentally Benign Method of Reducing Aryl Ketones or Aldehydes by Zinc Powder in an Aqueous Alkaline Solution

A convenient and environmentally benign method for reducing the carbonyl group in hydroxy- and amino- 9,10-anthracenediones, ortho （or para） acyl phenols and acyl anilines to a methylene group by zinc powder in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was reported. Based on theoretical calculations using the density functional theory （DFT）, the mechanism of these reduction reactions was postulated. This mechanism can be applied to help predicting the reduced products of aryl ketones （or aldehydes） in an alkaline solution.     

锌/NaOH水溶液还原芳酮及芳醛的便捷且环境友好的方法

本文报道在氢氧化钠水溶液中，用锌粉把含有羟基或氨基取代基团的9，10－蒽醌和邻（或对）羟基（或氨基）芳醛酮还原为亚甲基衍生物。本还原方法避免了Wolff-Kishner-Huang Minlon 反应中NH₂-NH₂的污染和Clemmensen反应中Hg污染，具有操作方便、产率高、不使用有机溶剂的特点。根据使用DFT理论的计算结果，提出这类还原反应的机理。     

具有非线性光学性质的杯[4]芳烃的合成

通过杯芳烃醛和异佛尔酮衍生物缩合合成了一系列新的具有NLO性貭的杯芳烃衍生物。在这些化合物中，杯芳烃上缘的环锁三烯用作D-π-A单元的共轭桥和电子受体，杯芳烃下缘的正辛氧基用于固定锥式构象。核磁共振研究证实它们以锥式构象存在，非共轭的D-p-A单元能近似同向排列。     

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Chromophores with 1,8-Dimethoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene and Ring-locked Triene

The new chromophore molecules with nonlinear optical （NLO） properties were prepared by Knoevenagel condensation from 1,8-dimethoxy-4,5-diformyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene and isophorone derivative in the presence of piperidine and acetic acid. In these chromophore, the ring-locked trienes were employed as the conjugation bridge and electron acceptor in D-π-A units. The key intermediate dialdehyde was conveniently prepared via a three step reaction, in which 1,8-dimethoxyanthraquinone was reduced with zinc/acetic acid and sodium/ethanol successively, followed by formylation with 1,1-dichlorodimethyl ether in the presence of TiCI4. The solvatochromism and UV spectra indicate that they have higher second-order nonlinear hyperpolarizability μβ values than the corresponding reference compound, without red shift of the charge transfer band.     

聚合物太阳能电池材料的研究进展

随着能源短缺和环境污染两大问题日益加重,人们对太阳能开发与利用更加深入。在众多太阳能的利用方式中,太阳能电池被认为是最有前途的。然而无机太阳能电池因其本身缺陷而受到限制。聚合物太阳能电池由于其成本低、质量轻、合成与修饰容易等优点成为太阳能电池研究的热点。近年来,该类太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经超过8%。本文简要介绍了聚合物太阳能电池的基本原理,并从开路电压、短路电流和填充因子等方面着重分析了其材料的设计原则,最后对其未来发展前景作出了展望。