我国西北若干种冰、雪及水体反射光谱特性的研究

本文根据1980—1982年在我国西北地区野外实测资料的基础上,详细分析了若干种冰、雪及浑浊水体的反射光谱特性及其与测试目标物的某些参数关系,并根据光谱特性的分类结果提出其最佳遥感波段。     

STUDY ON SPECTRAL REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SNOW, ICE AND WATER OF NORTHWEST CHINA

The spectral reflection characteristics of snow, ice and turbid water within spectralrange 380-1200 nm have been analysed. The spectral reflectance of snow decreases withincreasing of snow density and its crystal size, and there is good correlation between densityand spectral reflectance. The spectral reflactance gradually decreases from 95% to 60%within visible range while snow is metamorphosed to glacier ice. The variation of spectralreflectance of turbid water is determined by the silt content of water; that is, when the siltcontent is more than 5400 mgl~(-1) and the wavelengtho f the maximum reflectance is stable(near 820 nm). Based on the test, M_j and C_v, values, the optimum remote sensing bands havebeen selected respectively, namely, 420-450, 840-910, 950-1110 nm for snow, 670-760nm for ice and 730-810 nm for turbid water.     

我国西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区冰雪水中氘和重氧的分布

珠穆朗玛峰和希夏邦马峰北部海拔4550—7027米处的冰、雪、水中,氘和氧-18的含量都比标准平均洋水中的为低,氘在固相比在液相中,对比氧-18一般有较大的相对富集。此外,对同位素高度效应、年龄效应、冰川纵剖面中的同位素组成以及高原湖中的同位素浓度,作了讨论。