1982年冬季青藏高原地面和大气的加热场特征

本文利用1982年8月至1983年7月在青藏高原所取得的太阳辐射观测资料,计算了拉萨、那曲、改则、甘孜及高原主体冬季地面和大气加热场。计算结果表明:高原北部和中部冬季11—1月地面为冷源,11月冷源范围最大。12月、1月出现两个冷源中心,分别位于柴达木盆地和高原中部的班戈至索县一带。1月冷源中心强度最强达—55 cal/cm~2·d,高原东部和南部则为热源。10—3月高原主体为大气冷源,高原中部12月冷源最强,中心强度达—255cal/cm~2·d。柴达木盆地最强冷源则在1月出现,强度为—269cal/cm~2·d。10月第2候首先从高原中部和西部开始,由大气热源转为冷源,而3月第4候则首先从高原南部和东部开始由大气冷源转为热源。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC HEATING FIELDS OVER QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU DURING THE WINTER IN 1982

The surface and atmospheric heating fields over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in winter have been computed by using the observational data of solar radiation obtained during 1982—1983. The main results are as follows: The central and northern part of the Plateau acted as a heat sink in winter from November to January. The area of the heat sink in November was the largest. Two centers of the heat sink in December and Jannary were situated respectively in the Qaidam Basin and the central part of the Plateau around Baingoin-Sog Counties. In January, the maximum intensity of the surface heat sink was —55 cal/cm~2·day. Both the eastern part and southern part of the Plateau were heat sources. The main part of the Plateau acted as a heat sink for the atmospheric heating fields during October—March. The maximum intensity of the atmospheric heat sink over the central part of the Plateau appeared in December and the central intensity was around —255 cal/cm~2. day. The maximum intensity of the atmospheric heat s