稀土对管线钢中沉淀相和再结晶的影响

管线钢中含有Ｎｄ，Ｔｉ复合的沉淀相，表示为（Ｎｂ，Ｔｉ）（Ｃ，Ｎ）。添加稀土的锻态样中，沉淀物颗粒细化，球化且弥散分布。随着稀土量增加，沉淀物中Ｎｂ量也略增加。在奥氏体化温度下，稀土使沉淀相析出的孕育期延长，沉淀速率降低，抑制了沉淀相的析出动力学过程。     

Multiple ground-based observations at Zhongshan Station during the April/May 1998 solar events

Simultaneous observations at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, during May 1-7, 1998 are presented to show the responses of the polar ionosphere to the April/May 1998 solar events. One of the main geo-effects of the solar events resulted in the major magnetic storm on May 4. At the storm onset on May 2 the ionosphere F2 layer abruptly increased in altitude, the geomagnetic H-component started negative deviation and the spectral amplitude of the ULF wave intensified. Both large isolated riometer absorption and large negative deviation of the geomagnetic H-component occurred at about 0639UT. There was a time lag of about one hour and ten minutes between the storm onset and the IMF southward turning, as measured by the WIND satellite. The polar ionosphere was highly disturbed, as shown by frequent large deviations of the geomagnetic H-component, large riometer absorption events and strong ULF waves in all the courses of the storm. The absorption increased greatly causing the digisonde to be blackout most of the time. However, the data still showed a substantial decrease in the F2 electron density and oscillation of the F2 layer peak height with an amplitude exceeding 200 km.     

The polar ionosphere at Zhongshan Station on May 11, 1999, the day the solar wind almost disappeared

The solar wind almost disappeared on May 11,1999: the solar wind plasma density and dynamic pressure were less than 1cm-3 and 0.1 nPa respectively, while the interplanetary magnetic field was northward. The polar ionospheric data observed by the multi-instruments at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica on such special event day was compared with those of the control day (May 14). It was shown that geomagnetic activity was very quiet on May 11 at Zhongshan. The magnetic pulsation, which usually occurred at about magnetic noon, did not appear. The ionosphere was steady and stratified, and the F2 layer spread very little. The critical frequency of dayside F2 layer, foF2, was larger than that of control day, and the peak of foF2 appeared 2 hours earlier. The ionospheric drift velocity was less than usual. There were intensive auroral Es appearing at magnetic noon. All this indicates that the polar ionosphere was extremely quiet and geomagnetic field was much more dipolar on May 11. There were some signatures of auroral substorm before midnight, such as the negative deviation of the geomagnetic H component, accompanied with auroral Es and weak Pc3 pulsation.     

稀土对微合金钢中碳化铌析出规律的影响

在铁素体区和奥氏体区研究了稀土对碳化铌析出动力学规律的影响。实验结果表明，在铁素体区稀土可促进碳化铌的析出，而在奥氏体区有抑制碳化铌的出的作用。用计算机进行线性拟合处理发现，稀土并不能改变碳化铌析出的动力学机制，但影响其瓜速度常数Ｋ。在６６０℃时稀土使Ｋ值增加，属于形核长大控速。在９５０℃时稀土使Ｋ值降低，属于扩散控速。表明了稀土对碳化铌要出的促进和抑制作用。