Distribution of δD in 25-cm Surface Snow Along Trans-Antarctic Route (Ⅱ)——The “1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition” Glaciological Research

On the way of the "1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition", the first author of this paper, the Chinese member of the expedition, collected 104 snow samples in 25-cm surface snow along a 5986-km route on Antarctic ice sheet from west to east. The geographical distribution of δD across the Antarctica by the longest route is obtained from stable isotope analysis for the first time. After discussing regional differences of physical geographic conditions, maritime-continental influence, altitudes and latitudes at sampling sites, the distribution of δD is considered to have a close relation to latitudes, but the topographic effect is prominent in some particular regions. The mean annual temperature at sampling site and its relationship with δD in surface snow covering Antarctica from west to east are discussed also. The δD-temperature gradient from the south end of Antarctic Peninsula to Vostok obtained in this paper is very close to that in Terre Adelie Land obtained by predecessors. The snow-dri     

6000km横贯南极洲雪层剖面与表面特征的初步研究

“1990年国际横穿南极考察队”中国队员在横跨西、东南极洲5986 km的考察路线上,挖1.0—2.0m的雪坑106个。通过对雪坑的雪层剖面的观测研究,认识到大尺度南极冰盖浅表层的基本物理特征,沿途还进行了冰盖表面雪丘形态的观察和长轴方位的测量。观测资料分析表明,西南极冰盖表面融水渗浸冻结作用较明显,年降雪量较大,其气候较东南极洲湿暖和湿润,深受南大洋气候影响。东南极冰盖雪层内大量发育的辐射壳说明,即使在较低的温度条件下由于阳光照射时间相对较长(夏季长时间的永昼现象),冰面在夏季仍有“融化”现象发生。南极内陆地区雪丘方位变化较小,其优势方位反映南极内陆存在南北向的盛行风向。东南极冰盖浅表层内的深霜层极为发育,有其独特的气候学及冰川学意义,但其形成机制需专文探讨。     

横贯南极洲表层25cm雪层内δD值的分布规律

本文首次获得了南极洲大范围表层雪中δD的地理分布,通过对自然地理条件和δD分布的海陆效应、高程效应、纬度效应等地理地带性特征的分析,认为样点处的纬度与δD的分布关系较为密切,但在某些地区地形因素起主要作用,同时还获得了南极洲内陆广袤地区表层雪内δD和采样点处年平均温度之间的关系,本文首次获得的从南极半岛北端到Vostok站之间的δD-温度的梯度值与前人在东南极洲Terre Adelie地的结果相当吻合,但从Vostok站到终点间的δD-温度梯度偏高,除了诸多自然因素外,吹雪及其效应可能起了重要作用。     

南极洲Nelson冰帽排钻冰芯内的火山灰与冰川物质平衡

对采自南极洲南设得兰群岛Nelson冰帽一条断面上三支排钻冰芯内火山灰碎屑物成分进行了研究。根据1967—1970年期间欺骗岛(Deception Island)火山喷发物主要成分资料分析,认为这三层火山灰应属1970年欺骗岛火山喷发后的沉积物。据此可知,过去20年中,Nelson冰帽顶部GW处近年来的平均积累速率为1200g·cm~(-2)·a(-1)。冰帽中部N30处的平均净积累量为700g·cm~(-2)·a(-1),边缘N50处则仅为6g·cm(-2)·a~(-1)。以此次火山灰为标记推知,Nelson冰帽东部的年净积累量高于北部。     

A STUDY ON SNOW PROFILES AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ALONG 6000km TRANSANTARCTIC ROUTE (Ⅰ)——THE "1990 INTERNATIONAL TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION" GLACIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Along a 5986 km route on Antarctic ice sheet from west to east, 106 snow pits with a depth ranging from 1.0—2.0 m have been dug by the first author of this paper, the Chinese member of the "1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition". The basic physical characteristics of the surface layer of the ice sheet on a large scale are obtained through the observations of snow profiles at these snow pits. The sastrugi shapes and major axis azimuths have also been observed or measured on the way. Analysis for these observation data shows that in West Antarctica the meltwater infiltration-congelation is obvious and the annual precipitation is larger than that in East Antarctica, which implies that climate in West Antarctica is warmer, more humid and influenced more greatly by the South Ocean than that in East Antarctica. Radiation ice-glazes frequently found in snow profiles indicate that even in East Antarctica under very low temperatures, surface "melting" occurs in summer due to the long-time solar radiatio