不同声音偏好的游客声景观主观评价差异——以丽江大研古镇为例*

古镇作为集自然景观与人文景观一体的景区，具有丰富的声音类型。本研究以大研古镇为例，通过实地调研探究不同声音偏好的游客对古镇声景观的主观评价差异。基于游客的声音偏好，将游客分为偏爱自然声和偏爱人工声两大类。通过因子分析提取游客声景观主观评价的5个主因子：大小、音质、效价、偏好和唤醒。进一步分析发现，这5个因子具有一定的层级性，其中从大小到唤醒代表声景观评价从声音的物理属性向声音的联想评价逐级提升。其中在低层级评价(大小、音质)中，偏好自然声的游客和偏好人工声的游客无显著差异，低层级评价具有稳定性；而在高层级评价(效价、偏好和唤醒)中，偏好人工声的游客更关注古镇声景观的淳朴性和遗产性。因此，游客对声景观的主观评价可视为一种指标，判断景区声景所处的评价阶段，从而为景区声景观改善提供更有针对性的建议。     

超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真分析

为了探究超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的制备及优化工艺,利用多物理场数值计算方法,建立了超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真模型,并进行了频域分析。研究了不同液位深度、超声变幅杆探入深度,不同功率下磁流变抛光液的声场分布。通过测量磁流变抛光液的声场强度对声场仿真进行了验证。结果表明：随着距变幅杆距离的增加,声强逐渐减弱,高声强区域主要分布在换能器轴线附近。声强在距变幅杆20mm范围内急剧衰减,变幅杆最佳探入深度为10mm,增大功率有助于空化区域的扩大。声场仿真结果与实验测量结果基本一致,对磁流变抛光液的制备提供了数值计算基础。     

小直径棒材超声横波检测仿真分析

采用超声水浸聚焦斜入射方式进行小棒材表面、近表缺陷检测时,声波在水/棒和棒/缺陷界面会发生反射、折射、散射、衍射及波形转换等一系列物理变换。此时缺陷可检性对声波入射条件十分敏感,常出现由于检测条件设置不当而导致缺陷漏检、误检的情况。为解决这一问题,本文针对小棒材超声斜入射检测中的主要参数——入射角和水距,开展声场及缺陷声响应仿真,研究检测参数对不同部位缺陷检测能力的影响,并对仿真结果进行试验验证。通过研究得到了检测水距、入射角度对缺陷检测能力的影响,并得到最优检测条件。试验验证结果表明研究制定的检测方案可有效检测出表面、近表面裂纹缺陷。     

贝叶斯优化卷积神经网络公共场所异常声识别*

针对公共场所异常声的感知和识别问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯优化卷积神经网络的识别方法。提取声信号的Gammatone倒谱系数、倍频程功率谱、短时能量和谱质心,组合成声信号的特征图。构建卷积神经网络作为分类器,利用递增的卷积核设置和池化操作处理不同尺度的特征。基于贝叶斯优化算法优化卷积神经网络的模型参数,对包括火苗噼啪声、婴儿啼哭声、烟花燃放声、玻璃破碎声和警报声的5种公共场所异常声进行识别。该方法的识别结果与基于不同的特征提取和分类器方案得到的识别结果进行比较,结果表明该方法的识别效果优于其他特征提取和分类器方案的识别效果。最后分析了该方法在不同信噪比噪声干扰下的识别结果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

3D-Printed Bionic Ear for Sound Identification and Localization Based on In Situ Polling of PVDF-TrFE Film

Bionic acoustic sensors are an indispensable part to realize interactions between humans and robotics. In this work, a PVDF-TrFE sensor array with multiple active pixels combined with a 3D-printed bionic ear model is prepared, which can accurately detect sounds with different frequencies and locate the sound source from different directions. The PVDF-TrFE sensor array can clearly identify the sound within 25 cm, and the error between the accepted sound frequency and the original input frequency is less than 0.001%. Through the algorithm analysis of the input signal, the location of the sound source can be immediately analyzed. Compared with other acoustic sensors, this sensor has the advantages of being self-powered, small size, and high flexibility, which holds great potential for bionic applications.     

Experimental high pressure speed of sound and density of (tetralin + n-decane) and (tetralin + n-hexadecane) systems and thermodynamic modeling

In this work, speed of sound for n-decane, n-hexadecane and tetralin, as well as for binary mixtures involving these hydrocarbons, were determined at pressures of (0.1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) MPa at temperatures of (313.15, 323.15 and 333.15) K at different compositions. Density data at atmospheric pressure for these same systems were measured experimentally at temperatures of (313.15, 323.15 and 333.15) K. From these results and thermodynamic definitions, the following properties were calculated: density at high pressures, excess molar volume and excess isentropic compressibility. Tetralin, n-decane and n-hexadecane are chemicals asymmetrical in shape, length and chemical nature that can be found in naphtha and kerosene fractions. The influence of these differences on the physical properties of these mixtures was then evaluated. Density and speed of sound data were correlated with Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) equation of state. The PFP model correlated well experimental densities for pure components but did not correlate so well the speed of sound dependency with pressure. The model calculated well excess properties, with correct signs, magnitudes, and the qualitative effect of pressure and temperature on these properties.     

Is there any sense to investigate volumetric and acoustic properties of more binary mixtures containing Ionic Liquids?

The excess speed of sound, excess molar volume and excess molar isentropic compressibility of 52 binary mixtures containing Ionic Liquids at T = 298.15 K were calculated using selected literature speed of sound and density data. The second components were alcohols: methanol, or ethanol, or 1-propanol, or 2-propanol, or 1-butanol or other solvents: acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and dimethylsulfoxide. The Balankina’s relative excesses, X_bal, i.e. the ratios between excess and ideal quantities X^E/X^id were also determined to reduce the structural impact of pure components to absolute excesses. Analysis of quantities determined shows some patterns for concentration dependences of large groups of mixtures; thus, the scheme for influence of anion or cation of Ionic Liquids and solvent on Balankina’s relative excesses was proposed. It seems that presented analysis provide the knowledge about absolute and relative excess quantities for other mixtures without doing the experimental work. It is also visible that analysis of excess molar quantities and X_bal parameters can support the interpretation of interactions which occur between Ionic Liquids and solvent.     

Volumetric properties,viscosities and refractive indices of binary liquid mixtures of tetrafluoroborate-based ionic liquids with methanol at several temperatures

Densities, speeds of sound, viscosities and refractive indices of two binary systems 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF₄] + methanol and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [emim][BF₄] + methanol, as well as of all pure components, have been measured covering the whole range of compositions at T = (278.15 to 318.15) K and p = 101 kPa. From this data, excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, viscosity deviations and refractive index deviations were calculated and fitted to extended versions of the Redlich–Kister equation. Estimated coefficients of these equations taking into account the dependence on composition and temperature simultaneously were also presented.     

非均匀流体介质内部散射声场重建的逐层计算方法*

入射声波激励下非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的重建方法对超声层析成像具有重要意义。以往采用矩量法求解,但该方法全域离散形成的复数满秩矩阵规模随着分辨率与计算精度的提高而急剧增大,对算力具有很高的要求,一定程度上限制了其在实际中的应用。为克服上述缺陷,本文以逐层离散、逐层计算为核心思想,以声散射基本公式与近场声全息理论为基础,推导出逐层计算非均匀流体介质内部散射声场的理论公式并给出对应的几何离散模型。为验证该方法的可行性,以矩量法为参照,对同样的介质模型进行介质内部声场重构仿真。结果表明,逐层算法不仅可以有效地重建非均匀流体介质内部散射声场,且大幅度减小了求解规模。