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1.
Boiling histotripsy is a promising High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) technique that can be used to induce mechanical tissue fractionation at the HIFU focus via cavitation. Two different types of cavitation produced during boiling histotripsy exposure can contribute towards mechanical tissue destruction: (1) a boiling vapour bubble at the HIFU focus and (2) cavitation clouds in between the boiling bubble and the HIFU source. Control of the extent and degree of mechanical damage produced by boiling histotripsy is necessary when treating a solid tumour adjacent to normal tissue or major blood vessels. This is, however, difficult to achieve with boiling histotripsy due to the stochastic formation of the shock scattering-induced inertial cavitation clouds. In the present study, a new histotripsy method termed pressure-modulated shockwave histotripsy is proposed as an alternative to or in addition to boiling histotripsy without inducing the shock scattering effect. The proposed concept is (a) to generate a boiling vapour bubble via localised shockwave heating and (b) subsequently control its extent and lifetime through manipulating peak pressure magnitudes and a HIFU pulse length. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, bubble dynamics induced at the HIFU focus in an optically transparent liver tissue phantom were investigated using a high speed camera and a passive cavitation detection systems under a single 10, 50 or 100 ms-long 2, 3.5 or 5 MHz pressure-modulated HIFU pulse with varying peak positive and negative pressure amplitudes from 5 to 89 MPa and −3.7 to −14.6 MPa at the focus. Furthermore, a numerical simulation of 2D nonlinear wave propagation with the presence of a boiling bubble at the focus of a HIFU field was conducted by numerically solving the generalised Westervelt equation. The high speed camera experimental results showed that, with the proposed pressure-modulated shockwave histotripsy, boiling bubbles generated by shockwave heating merged together, forming a larger bubble (of the order of a few hundred micron) at the HIFU focus. This coalesced boiling bubble then persisted and maintained within the HIFU focal zone until the end of the exposure (10, 50, or 100 ms). Furthermore, and most importantly, no violent cavitation clouds which typically appear in boiling histotripsy occurred during the proposed histotripsy excitation (i.e. no shock scattering effect). This was likely because that the peak negative pressure magnitude of the backscattered acoustic field by the boiling bubble was below the cavitation cloud intrinsic threshold. The size of the coalesced boiling bubble gradually increased with the peak pressure magnitudes. In addition, with the proposed method, an oval shaped lesion with a length of 0.6 mm and a width of 0.1 mm appeared at the HIFU focus in the tissue phantom, whereas a larger lesion in the form of a tadpole (length: 2.7 mm, width: 0.3 mm) was produced by boiling histotripsy. Taken together, these results suggest that the proposed pressure-modulated shockwave histotripsy could potentially be used to induce a more spatially localised tissue destruction with a desired degree of mechanical damage through controlling the size and lifetime of a boiling bubble without the shock scattering effect.  相似文献   
2.
A Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) induces optical breakdown of the airborne above the gold-coated K9 glass surface and the created shockwave removes the SiO2 particles contaminated on the gold films. The laser cleaning efficiency has been characterized by optical microscopy, dark field imaging, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the Image-pro software. The relationships between removal ratio and particle position and laser gap distance have been studied in the case of single pulse laser cleaning. The results show that the 1064 nm laser induced plasma shockwave can effectively remove the SiO2 particles. The removal ratio can reach above 90%. The effects of particle position and laser gap distance on the cleaning efficiency are simulated for the single pulse laser cleaning. The simulated results are consistent with the experimental ones.  相似文献   
3.
小当量水中爆炸冲击波实验及数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
在小当量(≤10g TNT)爆炸水箱装置中分别进行了0.125g、1.00g、3.37g、8.00g TNT当量PETN球形炸药水中爆炸实验.采用PCB压电型传感器测量水中爆炸冲击波压力脉冲,将实验数据拟合所得公式与文献的经验方程相比较,两者具有较好符合.另外,在小于20%的相对误差范围内,采用AUTODYN一维模拟计算能够预测和验证实验结果.因此,通过小当量水中爆炸实验获得的经验公式可推广到大当量水中爆炸实验.这样既能克服大当量水中爆炸实验耗费大、危险性高等困难,也能够较精确地预估峰值压力.  相似文献   
4.
吴敏干  刘毅  林福昌  刘思维  孙建军 《强激光与粒子束》2020,32(4):045002-1-045002-7
基于相应的数学模型来表征液电脉冲激波的产生和传播过程,搭建了液电式碎岩综合试验平台,分析了典型的激波特性的仿真和实测结果。给出了不同充电电压下液电脉冲激波特性的仿真结果,并分析了充电电压对激波特性的影响。结果表明:充电电压为11 kV时,激波的压力峰值为2.67 MPa,激波能量为27.30 J,波前时间为2.16μs,激波加载速率为1.24 MPa/μs,电能转化为激波能量的效率为13.35%;提高电容充电电压,激波压力峰值和激波能量增大,波前时间减少,激波加载速率增加,但电能转化为激波能量的效率降低。利用建模分析的方法,可以根据放电回路参数预测液电脉冲激波特性,从而为进一步研究激波破碎岩石的形态和效果提供理论依据。  相似文献   
5.
温压炸药在野外近地空爆中的冲击波规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究温压炸药在敞开空间爆炸中冲击波的规律,选取典型温压炸药制成不同量级的裸药柱进行野外近地空爆实验,同时用TNT进行对比实验,获取温压炸药与TNT的冲击波参数并拟合得到相似律公式。结果表明,温压炸药的冲击波超压峰值在中远场略高于TNT;在相同对比距离处,温压炸药的比冲量明显高于TNT,在对比距离小于2 m/kg1/3的近场,温压炸药的比冲量达到TNT的2倍。引入超压-比冲量曲线描述冲击波特征,表明当超压峰值相同时,温压炸药比冲量更大, 超压峰值在20~50 kPa的中度以下毁伤范围时,温压炸药的比冲量比TNT高40%~60%,可产生更严重的毁伤效应。冲量是爆炸冲击波的重要毁伤元素,应建立与冲量有关的方法评价温压炸药的威力。  相似文献   
6.
冲击波和气泡作用下舰船结构动态响应的数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对水下爆炸载荷、瞬态流固耦合效应在舰船水下爆炸数值模拟中的困难,在现有水下爆炸载荷计算模型(Geers and Hunter)的基础上,结合边界元法,修正水下爆炸气泡载荷计算方法.针对用二阶双渐近法(the second-order doubly-asymptotic approximation,DAA2)在处理低频...  相似文献   
7.
球形装药动态爆炸冲击波超压场计算模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
聂源  蒋建伟  李梅 《爆炸与冲击》2017,37(5):951-956
为获得球形装药动态爆炸冲击波超压场计算模型,对静态爆炸冲击波超压Baker计算公式加入修正因子进行修正,并建立了构造包含装药运动速度、对比距离和方位角的修正因子函数的方法。为获得修正因子的函数表达式,采用高精度显式欧拉流体动力学软件SPEED针对具有典型运动速度的球形装药空中爆炸过程进行了数值模拟,得到了沿装药不同对比距离和方位角处的动态爆炸冲击波超压峰值。在对数值模拟结果处理的基础上,经过数据拟合获得了动态爆炸冲击波超压场计算模型。校验结果表明,该模型能较准确描述动态爆炸冲击波超压分布,具有普适性。  相似文献   
8.
各种炸药的殉爆安全距离   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李铮  项续章 《爆炸与冲击》1994,14(3):231-241
为了保证炸药生产与贮存中的安全,我们对各种单质散装炸药进行了一系列殉爆试验,主发装药的药量为1~10 ̄5kg、被发装药为1~50kg。通过试验求出了殉爆的最小超压和不殉爆的最大超压、平均殉爆时间,以及温度、冲击、装药密度、建筑物、土围对殉爆的影响,从而确定出各种炸药的殉爆安全距离。  相似文献   
9.
A two‐dimensional 19‐velocity (D2Q19) lattice Boltzmann model which satisfies the conservation laws governing the macroscopic and microscopic mass, momentum and energy with local equilibrium distribution order O(u4) rather than the usual O(u3) has been developed. This model is applied to simulate the reflection of shockwaves on the surface of a triangular obstacle. Good qualitative agreement between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements is obtained. As the model contains the higher‐order terms in the local equilibrium distribution, it performs much better in terms of numerical accuracy and stability than the earlier 13‐velocity models with the local equilibrium distribution accurate only up to the second order in the velocity u. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
10.
大型通道中被动式水雾抑爆效果的实验研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
谢波  范宝春  王克全 《实验力学》2002,17(4):511-517
本文采用40L聚苯乙烯泡沫水槽在长25m、直径700mm的接近实际规模的大型爆炸试验管道中,利用浓度为8%VOL的甲烷空气混合物对水槽布置方式及不同水量条件下抑爆效果进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:在水量均为70L的情况下,分散式布置时激波在通过第一个水槽位置后即开始发生衰减,并完全衰减成为压缩波,火焰熄灭在水雾作用区,爆炸被安全抑制住;集中式布置时,火焰穿过水雾区到达管道开口端,激波仅仅在有一定区域内表现出衰减现象,未能完全抑爆。在管内距离点火源4.33m处水量辚70L、35L和15L时,激波速度均发生不同程度的衰减,且水量越大,激波速度衰减越明显。因此,水雾装置布置方式和用水量是影响被动式水雾抑爆效果的重要因素。  相似文献   
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