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1.
In this paper, we deal with an SIRS reaction–diffusion epidemic model with saturation infection mechanism. Based on the uniform boundedness of the parabolic system, we investigate the extinction and persistence of the infectious disease in terms of the basic reproduction number. To better investigate the effects of infection mechanism and individual diffusion, we further analyze the asymptotic profiles of the endemic equilibrium for small or large motility rate and large saturation rate. In particular it is shown that large saturation may cause the elimination of disease. Our study may provide some significant useful insight on disease control and prevention. 相似文献
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Based on the theory of exact boundary controllability of nodal profile for hyperbolic systems, the authors propose the concept of exact boundary controllability of partial nodal profile to expand the scope of applications. With the new concept, we can shorten the controllability time, save the number of controls, and increase the number of charged nodes with given nodal profiles. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of in-situ controlled node to deal with a new situation that one node can be charged and controlled simultaneously. The minimum number of boundary controls on the entire tree-like network is determined by using the concept of ‘degree of freedom of charged nodes’ introduced. And the concept of ‘control path’ is introduced to appropriately divide the network, so that we can determine the infimum of controllability time. General frameworks of constructive proof are given on a single interval, a star-like network, a chain-like network and a planar tree-like network for linear wave equation(s) with Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin and dissipative boundary conditions to establish a complete theory on the exact boundary controllability of partial nodal profile. 相似文献
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气溶胶垂直廓线是评估污染物来源、输送等途径的必要手段。气溶胶污染对环境和人体健康带来直接的影响。该研究于2019年4-5月,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所(39.98°N,116.39°E)的地基多轴差分光学吸收光谱(MAX-DOAS)仪,对北京地区春季大气光谱垂直廓线进行了观测。凭借MAX-DOAS实时、在线、连续的观测优势,能有效的对气溶胶进行监测。MAX-DOAS基于最优估算法(OEM)以及最小二乘光谱拟合法,并以辐射传输模型SCIATRAN作为前向模型,利用海德堡廓线(HEIPRO)算法反演得到气溶胶消光系数的垂直廓线,通过对气溶胶消光系数在其路径的积分获得气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)。利用地基太阳光度计观测的AOD和高塔观测的颗粒物质量浓度垂直廓线,分别与MAX-DOAS观测的AOD和气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线进行对比,验证MAX-DOAS算法的适用性。研究结果表明,MAX-DOAS与太阳光度计观测AOD结果,相关系数为0.92,斜率为0.89。三层气溶胶消光系数与PM2.5质量浓度的皮尔森相关系数从低处到高处分别达到0.69(60 m),0.77(160 m)和0.75(280 m)。并且,将气溶胶平均消光系数和对应三层(60,160和280 m)的PM2.5平均质量浓度对比,发现两者趋势一致。同样的,为了验证MAX-DOAS是否具备准确识别污染物的长距离输送的能力,我们通过Angstrom指数确定沙尘天气,通过计算梯度理查森数和边界层高度确定静稳天气,分析了在特殊天气条件下,MAX-DOAS能够对沙尘和静稳天气做出及时、准确的响应。分析气溶胶平均消光系数,发现气溶胶垂直廓线随高度升高呈现指数衰减变化的趋势,并且气溶胶消光系数均值在1.5 km高度处约为近地面的50%左右,而在1.5 km以上消光系数会随着高度的增加而快速减小。当高度达到2 km左右时,气溶胶消光系数均值下降到了0.1 km-1。以上结果表明MAX-DOAS探测大气气溶胶垂直廓线具有较高的适用性。 相似文献
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Phase-resolved information is necessary for many coastal wave problems, for example, for the wave conditions in the vicinity of harbor structures. Two-dimensional (2D) depth-averaging shallow water models are commonly used to obtain a phase-resolved solution near the coast. These models are in general more computationally effective compared with computational fluid dynamics software and will be even more capable if equipped with a parallelized code. In the current article, a 2D wave model solving the depth-averaged continuity equation and the Euler equations is implemented in the open-source hydrodynamic code REEF3D. The model is based on a nonhydrostatic extension and a quadratic vertical pressure profile assumption, which provides a better approximation of the frequency dispersion. It is the first model of its kind to employ high-order discretization schemes and to be fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy. Wave generation and absorption are achieved with a relaxation method. The simulations of nonlinear long wave propagations and transformations over nonconstant bathymetries are presented. The results are compared with benchmark wave propagation cases. A large-scale wave propagation simulation over realistic irregular topography is shown to demonstrate the model's capability of solving operational large-scale problems. 相似文献
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In the present study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) approach was designed to measure the rat plasma levels of verubecestat with diazepam as the internal standard. Acetonitrile-based protein precipitation was applied for sample preparation, then the analyte verubecestat was subjected to gradient elution chromatography with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). Verubecestat was monitored by m/z 410.1 → 124.0 transition for quantification by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) source. When the concentration of verubecestat ranged from 1 to 2500 ng/mL, the method exhibited good linearity. For verubecestat, the intra- and inter-day precision were determined with the values of 2.9–9.0% and 0.4–6.5%, respectively; and the accuracy ranged from −2.2% to 10.4%. Matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability data were in line with the standard FDA guidelines for validating a bioanalytical method. The validity of the developed method was confirmed through the pharmacokinetic study. 相似文献
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In the current field of biomedical engineering, the research on implanted antennas has attracted more and more attention. This paper presents a flexible terrestrial radiating antenna with circular polarization characteristics that satisfy various requirements for biomedical implantable antennas. The new type of flexible material is adopted and a novel model is proposed. The square ground with small gap is implemented in the proposed antenna. The passive components can match the impedance and meet the requirements of the circular polarization wave. Simulation is carried out in a single layer tissue model to estimate the performance of the antenna and compared with multilayer tissue model. In addition, the flexible circularly polarized antenna has low profile characteristics and a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 250 MHz, ranging from 2.28 to 2.53 GHz. This paper uses pork to simulate single‐layer and multi‐layer tissue model. The flexible circular polarized antenna prototype is placed in the organization model for performance simulation test, and the measurement impedance bandwidth of 500 MHz is realized in the industrial scientific medical frequency band of 2.4–2.48 GHz. 相似文献