围压与径向荷载共同作用下巴西盘裂纹应力强度因子的解析解

利用权函数法推导了围压和径向荷载共同作用下，考虑裂纹面摩擦的预制裂纹巴西盘应力强度因子计算公式，从理论上分析了围压、径向荷载和裂纹面摩擦对巴西盘应力强度因子的影响。结果表明，围压对I型应力强度因子有很大影响，I型应力强度因子随围压的增大而减小。当裂纹面闭合后围压和摩擦系数对II型应力强度因子同样具有显著影响，考虑裂纹面有效剪应力的权函数法理论解与有限元数值解相吻合，表明理论分析的正确性。     

拉曼光谱编码的荧光液相生物芯片检测系统研究

随着医疗诊断需求的增加，生物分子检测技术越来越受到人们的重视，液相生物芯片技术作为一种高通量，多通道的分子检测手段在近几年得到了飞速发展。通过层层自组装方法制备以微片为载体的拉曼光谱编码液相生物芯片，并利用自行搭建的一套高灵敏度、高分辨率的光学系统，实现对液相生物芯片的定性与定量分析。光学系统由拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统耦合而成。在拉曼光谱检测系统中激光器发射出785 nm波长的激光，通过二向色镜，带反反射镜与物镜汇聚到样品上，样品产生的拉曼散射光，经物镜，带反反射镜，二向色镜与拉曼滤波片，最后通过凹透镜聚焦到光谱仪的狭缝上，光谱仪色散实现在线阵CCD上拉曼光谱的获取。荧光显微成像系统应用光学成像原理，通过调节凹透镜与405 nm的激发光之间的距离，使激发光通过物镜均匀的照射到样品之上，样品激发出的荧光，通过物镜，带反反射镜，二向色镜，滤波片与相应的凹透镜，最后成像到面阵CCD上。改进传统便携式拉曼光谱检测系统光路并选用相应波段的带反反射镜与焦距20倍的物镜完成拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统的耦合。为了减少两路系统之间的相互影响选用合适的二向色镜以及滤波片，在提高耦合系统获取数据的准确性中有着重要的作用。该系统通过对反应之后的液相生物芯片进行拉曼光谱检测，以完成对每个编码玻片的定性识别，即解码；同时激发反应后液相生物芯片的荧光并采集荧光强度图，根据每个解码玻片上的荧光强度值完成对目标检测物的定量分析。区别于传统荧光编码液相生物芯片, 拉曼光谱编码具有稳定性更强，光谱分辨率更高等优点。该光学系统集拉曼光谱检测系统与荧光显微成像系统于一体，解决了目前未有基于拉曼编码的液相生物芯片的检测系统的问题，并且可同时对多种目标物进行识别和定量分析，提升了实验结果的准确性。     

Effect of external electric field on the terahertz transmission characteristics of electrolyte solutions

We fabricated a microfluidic chip with simple structure and good sealing performance, and studied the influence of the electric field on THz absorption intensity of liquid samples treated at different times by using THz time domain spectroscopy system. The tested liquids were deionised water and CuSO₄, CuCl₂, NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃ and NaCl solutions. The transmission intensity of the THz wave increases as the standing time of the electrolyte solution in the electric field increases. The applied electric field alters the dipole moment of water molecules in the electrolyte solution, which affects the vibration and rotation of the whole water molecules, breaks the hydrogen bonds in the water, increases the number of single water molecules and leads to the enhancement of the THz transmission spectrum.     

拉伸载荷作用下单边缺陷-边裂纹应力强度因子研究

利用杂交位移不连续法研究拉伸载荷作用下矩形板中单边缺陷-边裂纹(半圆孔裂纹和半方孔裂纹)问题,给出了这三种平面弹性裂纹问题的应力强度因子的详细数值解。通过半圆孔裂纹问题和半方孔裂纹问题与单边裂纹问题的应力强度因子的比较,发现半圆孔和半方孔对单边裂纹有屏蔽影响。此外,本文的研究结果表明,杂交位移不连续法用于分析平面弹性有限体中复杂裂纹问题的应力强度因子简单且又准确。     

强度解调型光纤光栅温度传感实验

光纤光栅在工程上应用广泛,但由于存在解调系统复杂、成本高,尤其是需要使用光纤光谱仪等波长解调仪器,使得光纤光栅很难走入本科教学的实验课堂.本文提出了一种基于窄线宽DFB激光器的强度解调方案,极大地简化了光纤光栅传感器的解调系统,完全满足较高分辨率和实时检测的系统要求.合理安排的温度传感实验可以非常直观地展示光纤光栅的线性传感性能,使得工程化的光纤光栅传感技术轻松走进本科教学课堂,具有极高的推广和应用潜力.     

基于连续量子级联激光器的1103.4cm–1处NH3混叠吸收光谱特性研究

由于NH3在大气气溶胶化学中具有重要作用,所以快速和精确反演NH3浓度对环境问题非常重要.本文以9.05μm的室温连续量子级联激光器(quantum cascade laser,QCL)作为光源,采用波长扫描直接吸收可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,TDLAS)技术,研究了QCL在1103.4 cm–1的光谱特性,获得了激光器控制的温度电流与波长的关系.设计了QCL二级温控的低压实验平台,测量氨气在1103.4 cm–1处的6条混叠吸收线,在降低压强的情况下谱线展宽变小,使混叠光谱分离,由此计算各条吸收线的线强,进一步对测量不确定度进行分析.针对混叠严重的光谱提出了低压分离单光谱精确反演气体浓度的方法,并进行了实验验证.通过与HITRAN数据库进行结果对比,得出氨气在1103.4 cm–1的实验测量线强值与数据库偏差为2.71%-4.71%,实验测量线强值的不确定度在2.42%-8.92%,极低压条件下反演浓度与实际值的偏差在1%-3%.     

Improved photoelectrochemical hydrogen production over decorated titania with copper and nickel oxides by optimizing the photoanode and reaction characteristics

We optimized photocatalytic hydrogen production over TiO₂-based photocatalyst by varying the dopant (nickel and copper oxide), thin film active area, nature and concentration of sacrificial agents, and light intensity in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell/dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Various characterization techniques have been used to investigate the structural, morphological, optical, and PEC behavior of single and codoped TiO₂. The TiO₂ decorated with both Cu and Ni oxides with active area of 1 cm² in a mixture of 5 vol % glycerol and 1 M KOH under light intensity of 100 mWcm^?2 produced the maximum hydrogen of 338.4 μmol cm^?2 for 2 h. The superior photocatalyst performance of this photocatalyst is attributed to its small crystallite size and large pore size, as confirmed by X-ray diffractometer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area of Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (S_BET). The absorption edges of this photocatalyst had the highest red shift compared with single doped and pure TiO₂ because of more indirect transitions of the photoexcited electrons, greater charge carrier separation, and lower recombination rate. The photoanode active area of 1 cm² with better photocatalytic performance correlated with the number of defects and grain boundaries. Glycerol shifted the conduction band of the photocatalyst to more negative flat potential compared with others. Increasing the concentration of glycerol further than 5 vol% saturated the photocatalyst active sites, increased photooxidation intermediates of glycerol, and reduced the hydrogen production. The light intensity had the maximum impact on the hydrogen production and could strongly control the number of charge carriers in both the PEC cell and the DSSC.     

六方相LaOF∶Er,Yb的上转换发光及温度传感特性

氟氧化物兼有氧化物优异的稳定性和氟化物的低声子能量,是上转换发光材料的一种热点基质材料,因而研究六方相LaOF∶Er,Yb的上转换发光性能及其温度特性具有重要意义。本文采用水热法制备了六方相LaOF∶Er,Yb荧光材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱对其结构和上转换荧光性能进行表征。实验结果表明,水热法120℃得到六方相LaF3,经800℃和1000℃退火后分别形成四方相LaOF和六方相LaOF。980 nm激发下,六方相LaOF∶Er,Yb中Yb3+与Er3+存在能量传递,通过双光子吸收产生绿光和红光的上转换荧光,并且Yb3+与Er3+的最佳浓度分别为3%和1%。最后研究了六方相LaOF∶Er,Yb在温度传感方面的应用,其在150~400 K温度范围的相对灵敏度和绝对灵敏度分别为0.037 K-1和0.0043 K-1。该材料具有优异的温度传感特性,对荧光温度传感器件的设计和应用具有指导意义。