Classical solution for a nonlinear hybrid system modeling combustion in a multilayer porous medium

Combustion processes in porous media have been used by the petroleum engineering industry to extract heavy oil from reservoirs. This study focuses on a one-dimensional nonlinear hybrid system consisting of $n$ reaction–diffusion–convection equations coupled with $n$ ordinary differential equations, which models a combustion front moving through a porous medium with $n$ parallel layers. The state variables are the temperature and fuel concentration in each layer. Coupling occurs in both the reaction function and differential operator coefficients. We prove the existence of a classical solution, first locally and then globally over time, to an initial and boundary value problem for the corresponding system. The proof uses a new approach for combustion problems in porous media. The local solution is obtained by defining an operator in a set of Hölder continuous functions and using Schauder’s fixed-point theorem to find a fixed point as the desired solution. Using Zorn’s lemma, we extend the local solution to a global solution, proving that the first-order spatial derivative of the temperature in each layer is a bounded function.     

Development of a new catalytic and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of benzodiazepine triazole scaffold using magnetically separable CuFe2O4@MIL-101(Cr) nano-catalyst in aqueous medium

Magnetically retrieval CuFe₂O₄@MIL-101(Cr) metal–organic framework was successfully prepared from easily available starting materials and characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, elemental mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, vibrating sample magnetometer, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The catalyst was then used in the synthesis of benzodiazepines containing a triazole moiety in water. The advantages of this protocol include high yields, reusability of the catalyst, and gram-scale synthesis.     

Water-acetic acid mediated an efficient one-pot eco-friendly synthesis of novel bis-isoxazolopyrroloquinoline derivatives

An efficient, cost-effective and environmentally benign synthesis of novel tetracyclic bis-isoxazolopyrroloquinoline derivatives has been developed via one-pot four-component reaction of 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazoles, dimedone, aryl glyoxal monohydrates and 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole by employing water as a reaction medium and acetic acid (AcOH) as a green promoter. The advantages of this protocol are environmentally friendly, metal-free, less reaction time, operational simplicity, high yields, broad substrate scope and easy purification. Most significant of all, this method is green.     

A novel carbocatalytic hydride transfer strategy for efficient reduction of structurally different aldehydes and ketones in water

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–NaBH₄ is reported as mild and efficient catalyst-system for chemo-/regioselective reduction of structurally different aliphatic, aromatic as well as α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in water. The rGO was prepared by reducing graphene oxide using Tulsi leaf extract as bio-reductant. Operational simplicity, ambient reaction condition, high yield of pure products (80–97%), no by-product formation, no use of column chromatography for purification are the salient features of the envisaged protocol. Furthermore, the recovered TRGO was recycled and reused for subsequent reductions up to five times without any loss in activity.     

石英砂-聚乙烯二元混合体系的太赫兹光谱特性研究

太赫兹时域光谱技术目前逐渐应用于对岩石的研究中。在制备样品时通常需要将岩石磨碎后与粘合剂混合压片，岩石的含量、粒径等都会对测试结果造成影响。将自然界中常见的石英砂粉末（不同粒径）与聚乙烯（PE）微粒以不同的比例混合，通过压片的手段将其制成适用于太赫兹系统测试的样品，用以探究样品中石英砂的含量以及其粒径对实验结果的影响。首先研究石英砂含量对实验结果造成的影响。在保持样品中石英砂的粒径不变的情况下，发现不同石英砂含量样品的时域光谱图中，时间延迟以及峰值都呈现出非单调的变化趋势。为了探究出现这种现象的原因，对样品的折射率以及吸收系数做了进一步的分析。结果表明样品的折射率会随着样品中石英砂含量的增加而逐渐增大，通过适用于本实验的有效介质理论能够解释这一现象。样品对于太赫兹波段的吸收系数随着石英砂含量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的现象，并且在石英砂质量分数为60%时达到最大值。为了解释这一现象产生的原因，利用扫描电子显微镜对样品的微观形貌进行观察，发现随着石英砂含量的增加，在压制样品时PE颗粒破碎程度加剧，导致PE的粒径变小。根据米氏散射以及瑞利散射的原理，石英砂粒径不变而PE粒径减小，随之降低的散射强度与石英砂的吸收效应发生竞争，从而导致了吸收系数先增大后减小的现象。进一步研究了石英砂粒径对实验结果的影响，对不同粒径的石英砂样品进行测试，发现折射率不随石英砂粒径的变化而改变，但其吸收系数随着石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小。根据米氏散射，样品吸收系数的变化是由于散射强度随石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小。研究表明，样品中石英砂的含量和粒径都会对实验结果产生影响。石英砂粒径相同时，样品的吸收系数随石英砂含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，样品的折射率随石英砂含量的增加而逐渐增大；石英砂含量相同时，样品的吸收系数随石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小，而样品的折射率基本不变。这一结论对矿物样品的制备以及对混合物的实验结果分析有一定程度的指导意义。     

Gas-Phase Synthesis of Triphenylene (C18H12)

For the last decades, the hydrogen-abstraction−acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism has been widely invoked to rationalize the high-temperature synthesis of PAHs as detected in carbonaceous meteorites (CM) and proposed to exist in the interstellar medium (ISM). By unravelling the chemistry of the 9-phenanthrenyl radical ([C₁₄H₉]^.) with vinylacetylene (C₄H₄), we present the first compelling evidence of a barrier-less pathway leading to a prototype tetracyclic PAH – triphenylene (C₁₈H₁₂) – via an unconventional hydrogen abstraction–vinylacetylene addition (HAVA) mechanism operational at temperatures as low as 10 K. The barrier-less, exoergic nature of the reaction reveals HAVA as a versatile reaction mechanism that may drive molecular mass growth processes to PAHs and even two-dimensional, graphene-type nanostructures in cold environments in deep space thus leading to a better understanding of the carbon chemistry in our universe through the untangling of elementary reactions on the most fundamental level.     

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) as a green and efficient dipolar aprotic reaction medium

The great challenge for modern research is to define the most efficient tools to make more sustainable the industrial production and manufacturing. Among the different aspects that require attention the replacement of toxic and/or non-renewable solvents it is certainly playing a crucial role. Dealing with widely used dipolar aprotic solvents, among the different alternatives proposed in the literature γ-valerolactone (GVL) plays a pivotal role covering different application area. In this contribution, the benefits derived from the use of GVL as a circular, safe, biomass-derived reaction medium are highlighted covering most recent publications (2021). The presentation has been divided into three major sections: (i) biomass valorization, (ii) materials synthesis, manufacturing and recycle and (iii) new synthetic methodologies.     

多层介质中超声相控阵声场仿真*

由于良好的声束偏转与聚焦特性,超声相控阵已经广泛应用于多层固体介质的缺陷检测。当超声束经过多层介质时,由于反射、透射以及模式转换的存在,多种声束存在于这种结构中,使得声场分析变得复杂。为了提高多层介质检测的准确性,有必要对超声声场的分布规律进行深入地了解。该文结合高斯声束等效点源模型以及射线追踪法,给出了相控阵声源在多层固体介质中激发声场的仿真方法,并且模拟计算了一维线型相控阵在楔块-铝-黄铜-钢四层固体介质中的辐射声场。通过对不同延时法则的计算,实现了声波在这种复杂介质中的偏转与聚焦,进而研究了不同焦点处聚焦声场的分布。结果表明:相控阵方法能使聚焦点处的声场幅值增大,能量集中,提高了检测分辨率;不同聚焦点处声场聚焦效果不同,实际检测时应根据检测区域结构及位置特点,合理放置相控阵换能器。与瑞利积分法的比较表明,该文的仿真方法适用于多层介质相控阵声场的计算。     

Effect of rotation in magneto-thermoelastic transversely isotropic hollow cylinder with three-phase-lag model

This article deals with the various heat source responses in a transversely isotropic hollow cylinder under the purview of three-phase-lag (TPL) generalized thermoelasticity theory. In presence of magnetic field and due to the rotating behavior of the cylinder, the governing equations are redefined for generalized thermoelasticity with thermal time delay. In order to obtain the stress, displacement and temperature field, the field functions are expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions in Laplace transformed domain. When the outer radius of hollow cylinder tends to infinity, the corresponding results are discussed. Finally an appropriate Laplace transform inversion technique is adopted.