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1.
建立了碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定芝麻中痕量的锗元素(germanium , Ge)。采用微波消解,碰撞池(KED模式)-电感耦合等离子体质谱检测,在线引入内标元素铑(Rh),同时消解液中加入3%正戊醇增敏。结果 3 % 正戊醇可使74Ge的上机检测信号强度提高2.85倍,74Ge校正曲线线性相关系数为1.00000,检出限为0.0555 μg/kg,加标回收率为92.0%~106%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD%)为2.6%~4.3%。采用建立的方法测定7种国家标准物质,检测结果均在认定值范围内,RSD%为2.5%~8.8%。结论 该方法灵敏度高、准确,可实现批量检测,适用于芝麻中痕量锗的检测。  相似文献   
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According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, approximately 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted each year, equivalent to approximately one-third of world production. Agri-food wastes are the source of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other essential minerals that have been exploited for value-added products by the development of biorefineries and sustainable business as important elements of circular economies. The innovation and materialization of these types of processes, including the use of disruptive technologies on microbial bioconversion and enzyme technology, such as nanotechnology, metabolic engineering, and multi-omics platforms, increase the perspectives on the waste valorization process. Lignocellulolytic enzymes, pectinases, and proteases are mainly used as catalyzers on agri-food waste treatment, and their production in house might be the trend in near future for agro-industrial countries. Another way to transform the agri-food wastes is via aerobic or anaerobic microbial process from fungal or bacterial cultures; these processes are the key to produce waste enzymes.  相似文献   
4.
锡二硫族化合物可以通过改变硫和硒的含量来连续调控三元合金材料的带隙、载流子浓度等物理化学性质,在电子和光电子器件应用上具有巨大的潜力。本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术可控地制备了不同元素组分的SnSxSe2-x(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.0)单晶纳米片。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及拉曼光谱等手段对SnSxSe2-x纳米片进行了综合表征。结果表明本方法成功实现了元素百分比可调的SnSxSe2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备。重点研究了依赖于元素百分比的SnSxSe2-x的拉曼特征谱,实验结果与基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算得到的SnSxSe2-x的拉曼仿真谱高度吻合,理论计算结果较好地诠释了实验拉曼光谱发生变化的原因。本研究提供了一种元素百分比可调的三元SnSxSe2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备方法,同时对锡二硫族化合物的明确、无损识别提供了方案。  相似文献   
5.
Pesticide residue in vegetables has been considered as a serious food safety problem across the whole world. This study investigates a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP), namely the coupled free chlorine/ultrasound (FC/US) process for the removal of three typical pesticides from lettuce. The removal efficiencies of dimethoate (DMT), trichlorfon (TCF) and carbofuran (CBF) from lettuce reached 86.7%, 79.8% and 71.3%, respectively by the FC/US process. There existed a synergistic effect in the coupled FC/US process for pesticide removal and the synergistic factors reached 22.3%, 19.0% and 36.4% for DMT, TCF and CBF, respectively. Based on the analysis of mass balance of pesticides, the synergistic effect was probably attributed to the efficient oxidation of pesticides both in vegetables and in water by the generated free radicals and FC. The surface area and surface structure of vegetables strongly affected the removal of pesticides by FC/US. The removal efficiency of DMT increased from 80.9% to 88.1% as solution pH increased from 5.0 to 8.0, and then decreased to 84.1% when solution pH further increased to 9.0. When the ultrasonic frequency changed from 20 to 40 kHz, a remarkable improvement in pesticide removal by FC/US was observed. As the FC concentration increased from 0 to 15 mg L–l, the removal efficiencies of pesticides increased firstly, and then became stagnant when the FC concentration further increased to 25 mg L–l. The pesticide degradation pathways based on the identified intermediates were proposed. The total chlorophyll content was reduced by less than 5% after the FC/US process, indicating a negligible damage to the quality of vegetables. It suggests that the FC/US process is a promising AOP for pesticides removal from vegetables.  相似文献   
6.
Preparation of pea protein isolate-xylan (PPI-X) conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions using ultrasonic homogenization and the corresponding structure and environmental stability were investigated in this study. Conditions used to prepare nanoemulsions were optimized using a response surface methodology as follows: protein concentration 8.86 mg/mL, ultrasound amplitudes 57 % (370.5 W), and ultrasound time 16 min. PPI-X conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions formed under these conditions exhibited less mean droplet size (189.4 ± 0.45 nm), more uniform droplet distribution, greater absolute value of zeta-potential (44.8 ± 0.22 mV), and higher protein adsorption content compared with PPI-stabilized nanoemulsions. PPI-X conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions also exhibited even particle distribution and dense network structure, which might be reasons for the observed high interfacial protein adsorption content of conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions. Moreover, better stability against environmental stresses, such as thermal treatment, freeze–thaw treatment, ionic strength and type, and storage time was also observed for the conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions, indicating that this type of nanoemulsions possess a potential to endure harsh food processing conditions. Therefore, results provide a novel approach for the preparation of protein-polysaccharide conjugate-stabilized nanoemulsions to be applied as novel ingredients to meet special requirements of processed foods.  相似文献   
7.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-mode S-type ultrasound treatment on the protein extraction level of walnut dregs. The structural properties of the walnut protein (WP) were characterized, and the correlation between protein structure and extraction level was analyzed. The in situ real-time monitoring model for the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established by a miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Results showed that the protein yield, purity, and comprehensive extraction index (CEI) of extracted WP were 71.07 %, 72.69 %, and 71.72, respectively, under optimal conditions (dual-frequency 20/28 kHz, ultrasonic treatment duration 30 min, and ultrasound power density 120 W/L). The secondary structure of extracted WP displayed that the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet reduced, while the contents of β-turn and random coil increased after ultrasonic treatment. Besides, sonication decreased the disulfide bond content and increased free sulfhydryl (-SH) and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control. The microstructures of WP confirmed that appropriate sonication could unfold the protein aggregates and reduce the particle size. The extraction level of WP is positively correlated with the -SH content (p < 0.01). The quantitative prediction model of Si-PLS for -SH content in the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established and performed a good correction and prediction performance (Rc = 0.9736; RMSECV = 0.446 μmol/L; Rp = 0.9342; RMSEP = 0.807 μmol/L). This study exploited a high-efficiency way for the WP extraction industry, and provided theoretical support for the development of the intelligent system in industrial protein extraction process.  相似文献   
8.
Ultrasound can accelerate and change the reaction process and is widely used in the field of hydrogen production and storage. In this study, ultrasound (US) and AlOOH suspension (AH) are used to promote hydrogen production from Al hydrolysis. The results indicate that both US and AH greatly shorten the induction time and enhance the hydrogen production rate and yield. The promoting effect of US and AH on Al hydrolysis originates from the acoustic cavitation effect and catalytic effect, respectively. When AH is used in combination with US, Al hydrolysis has the best hydrogen production performance and the hydrogen yield can reach 96.6 % within 1.2 h, because there is a synergistic effect on Al hydrolysis between AH and US. Mechanism analyses reveal that the micro-jets and local high temperature environment arising from acoustic cavitation improve the catalytic activity of AlOOH, while the suspended AlOOH particles enhance the cavitation effect of US. This work provides a novel and feasible method to promote hydrogen production from Al hydrolysis.  相似文献   
9.
以廉价的椰壳为原料制备了高比表面积的多孔碳材料,然后在密闭的反应釜中以硝酸蒸汽对多孔碳材料进行了后处理,制备了亲水性更好的多孔碳材料。采用扫描透射电子显微镜(TEM)、物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和接触角测试对材料的微观形貌、孔道结构、组成和亲水性进行了表征,探究了不同温度下硝酸蒸汽对多孔碳材料的形貌、结构的影响,并采用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电法和交流阻抗法考察了多孔碳材料的超级电容性能。结果表明,经过硝酸蒸汽处理后的多孔碳材料的比表面积和孔体积均有所降低,且随着处理温度的升高,降低得更加明显,而亲水性却越来越好。电化学测试结果表明,经过100℃硝酸蒸汽处理的多孔碳材料(CSC-100)具有最佳的超级电容性能。在以6 mol·L-1 KOH为电解液的三电极体系中,当电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时CSC-100的比电容可达452.9 F·g-1,而未经硝酸蒸汽处理的多孔碳材料(CSC)的比电容仅为350.4 F·g-1。电容贡献分析表明CSC-100良好的亲水性和表面官能团不仅提高了双电层电容,也提高了赝电容。  相似文献   
10.
采用水热-煅烧法制备Cd2SnO4,之后通过超声混合法得到一系列MoS2/Cd2SnO4复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对Cd2SnO4和一系列MoS2/Cd2SnO4复合材料进行结构和形貌的表征。研究了MoS2掺杂量对于MoS2/Cd2SnO4复合材料的气敏性能影响。实验结果表明,当MoS2与Cd2SnO4的质量比为2.5%,MoS2/Cd2SnO4复合材料制备的气敏元件在170 ℃时对浓度为100 μL·L-1的甲醛气体的灵敏度为40.0,最低检测限为0.1 μL·L-1。  相似文献   
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