基于深度约束的声速估算方法*

高精度的声速剖面数据是提高水下定位精度的关键。在无法精确获得声速剖面数据的情况下，该文提出了一种基于深度约束，同时根据浮标与水下目标的空间几何距离进行有效声速估算的方法。通过仿真模拟，将该文提出的方法与加权平均声速法、泰勒级数展开法和等效声速剖面法的定位结果进行对比分析。结果表明，新方法不需要依靠声速剖面数据，通过深度约束可有效地估算出声速值，其定位精度与等效声速结果相当，极大地提高了无声速剖面数据下的水下定位精度。     

基于EKF的水下LD通信精对准控制算法

高速激光通信中接收机与光斑中心很难处于精对准状态,导致水下光通信链路难以稳定建立.首先采用蒙特卡洛仿真统计法分析激光光子在海水中传输的接收光强分布规律,再通过实验对接收端的光斑图像进行采样分析,利用曲线拟合得到接收器位置与接收光强的关系.仿真与实验结果表明:光束经过25 m的水下传输,接收光强分布仍近似为高斯分布.采用非线性估计算法(扩展卡尔曼滤波)与基本状态控制反馈理论,根据接收光强度估计接收器当前位置与最大光强处的距离,通过反馈算法实现接收端与光斑中心的主动跟踪对准.算法仿真结果显示,接收端对准误差在2 mm以下,稳定后接收效率超过98%.     

A Novel Fluid Structure Interaction Experiment to Investigate Deformation of Structural Elements Subjected to Impulsive Loading

This paper presents a novel experimental methodology for the study of dynamic deformation of structures under underwater impulsive loading. The experimental setup simulates fluid–structure interactions (FSI) encountered in various applications of interest. To generate impulsive loading similar to blast, a specially designed flyer plate impact experiment was designed and implemented. The design is based on scaling analysis to achieve a laboratory scale apparatus that can capture essential features in the deformation and failure of large scale naval structures. In the FSI setup, a water chamber made of a steel tube is incorporated into a gas gun apparatus. A scaled structure is fixed at one end of the steel tube and a water piston seals the other end. A flyer plate impacts the water piston and produces an exponentially decaying pressure history in lieu of explosive detonation. The pressure induced by the flyer plate propagates and imposes an impulse to the structure (panel specimen), which response elicits bubble formation and water cavitations. Calibration experiments and numerical simulations proved the experimental setup to be functional. A 304 stainless steel monolithic plate was tested and analyzed to assess its dynamic deformation behavior under impulsive loading. The experimental diagnostic included measurements of flyer impact velocity, pressure wave history in the water, and full deformation fields by means of shadow moiré and high speed photography.     

水声通信中基于信道辨识的盲turbo均衡方法

水声信道多途效应明显,造成接收信号存在严重的码间干扰(ISI,Intersymbol interference)。基于最小均方误差(MMSE,Minimum mean square error)准则的turbo均衡器级联了均衡和信道译码,能够有效去除ISI,并获得优良的性能。由于水声信道的时变性,传统MMSE-turbo均衡需要周期性的训练序列,以实现连续可靠的通信。训练序列虽然提高了通信的可靠性,但降低了信息的有效传输速率。因此,为提高通信效率,本文提出了一种盲turbo均衡方法,该方法通过引入新的盲信道辨识器来同时获得信道估计响应和已去除部分ISI的初步均衡输出信号,并为turbo均衡提供初始的响应参数和比特软信息。与水声通信中应用较多的盲判决反馈均衡器(DFE,Decision feedback equalizer)相比,海上实验结果证明本文提出的盲turbo均衡方法抗信道多途衰落的能力较强,并且与传统MMSE-turbo均衡相比无需训练序列,因此提高了信息的有效传输速率。     

Design optimization of a Class VII Flextensional Transducer

Class VII Flextensional Transducers (FTs) have been proposed as a means of overcoming the limitation of very high prestress in Class IV FTs. These transducers are made from shells shaped like dog bone and hence are also known as dog-bone shell transducers. In this work, we report design optimization of a low frequency aluminum shell Class VII FT, resonating at 2.5 kHz, using piezoelectric drive. Two and three dimensional Finite Element Modeling (FEM), with the help of a commercially available package ATILA have been used for the design optimization. Dimensional details of the base model have been adapted from previous literature. Parametric analyses have been done with respect to various aspects like type of rubber, shell height, shell material, etc. in order to optimize the design. Experimental results obtained from an initial prototype are also presented. The results match fairly well with the predicted values.     

Finite amplitude oscillations of flanged laminas in viscous flows: Vortex–structure interactions for hydrodynamic damping control

In this paper, we study the problem of harmonic oscillations of a flanged lamina in a quiescent Newtonian incompressible viscous fluid. We conduct a comprehensive fluid–structure interaction investigation with the goal of assessing the effect of the presence of the flanges on the added mass and hydrodynamic damping experienced by the oscillating solid. We determine the complex nonlinear hydrodynamic function incorporating these effects via its real and imaginary parts, respectively, and its dependence on three nondimensional parameters that govern the flow evolution. We further investigate in detail the flow physics and the effects of nonlinearities on vortex shedding, convection, and diffusion in the vicinity of the oscillating structure. We find that the added mass effect is relatively independent of the oscillation amplitude and increases with the flange size. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic damping effect is remarkably affected by the interplay of geometry and dynamic parameters resulting into a peculiar non-monotonic behavior. We show the existence of a minimum in the hydrodynamic damping which can be attained via specific control of vortex–structure interaction dynamics and discuss its properties and significance from a physical perspective through analysis of the relevant flow fields. This novel finding has potential application for damping reduction in elastic systems where reduction of energy losses and increase of oscillation quality factor are desired.     

Time reversal acoustic communication receivers: DSP implementation and fast channel estimation

A communication system is implemented on digital signal processors (DSPs) for the underwater acoustic environment. The implemented receiver uses time reversal multi-channel combining followed by a single-channel decision feedback equalizer. Periodic channel estimation is employed to track the channel fluctuations. These techniques are used to mitigate time-varying inter-symbol interference, which is the main challenge in the underwater acoustic channel at operating frequencies greater than 10 kHz. Various optimization tasks are performed to reduce the receiver computational complexity. A fast implementation of the matching pursuit algorithm is tested on the DSP platform. Its performance, in terms of accuracy and run-time, is compared with that of the basic matching pursuit algorithm. Experimental results of the transmission and demodulation of binary phase-shift keying signals at three different symbol rates were obtained in the local Delaware Bay. The low bit error rates demonstrate the effectiveness of our implementation.     

阻抗管法测量水下吸声系数的系统误差分析*

利用阻抗管法测量吸声系数是水下吸声材料研制过程中的重要环节，实验测量结果相比理论计算结果更具说服力。然而在待测样品的制备和安装过程中容易引入的系统误差往往被忽略，从而影响实测结果可信度。为了降低系统误差，本文提出缝隙宽、垂直度和光洁度三种可能引入系统误差的因素，搭建传递函数法水下吸声系数测量的有限元模拟实验环境并验证仿真计算算法的正确性，研究相关参量对橡胶吸声系数的影响规律，并给出一定误差下对相关参量的限制要求。所得结论对降低测量误差、提升实测结果可信度具有一定参考价值。     

水下超疏油聚(3,4-乙烯基二氧)噻吩薄膜的制备简

以离子液体溴化(1-己基-3-甲基咪唑盐)作为电解质和掺杂剂采用电化学一步法制备了微纳米复合结构的聚(3,4-乙烯基二氧噻吩)薄膜,薄膜由槽内排布着纳米珠链的棒状结构组成. 研究表明,通过控制电流密度的大小,可以调节棒状结构和珠状结构的平均直径. 离子液体中的咪唑阳离子和对阴离子均掺杂到聚合物中,该薄膜具有可逆的电化学活性及水下超疏油特性.     

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数的水中激光脉冲后向散射特性分析模型

基于Fournier Forand体积散射函数,建立了一种水中激光脉冲后向散射仿真模型.运用该模型可用Monte Carlo方法模拟光子在水中的传播过程,并得到光波后向散射的冲击响应.将初始激光脉冲与冲击响应进行卷积并求其傅里叶谱,即可得到激光脉冲后向散射信号的时域和频域特征.利用该模型分析了入射为高斯型激光脉冲时,水...