Fabrication of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks in Uninterrupted Mesoporous Tunnels: Hierarchical Structure for Efficient Trypsin Immobilization and Stabilization

Hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) are promising in various applications. Most reported HP-MOFs are prepared based on the generation of mesopores in microporous frameworks, and the formed mesopores are connected by microporous channels, limiting the accessibility of mesopores for bulky molecules. A hierarchical structure is formed by constructing microporous MOFs in uninterrupted mesoporous tunnels. Using the confined space in as-prepared mesoporous silica, highly dispersed metal precursors for MOFs are coated on the internal surface of mesoporous tunnels. Ligand vapor-induced crystallization is employed to enable quantitative formation of MOFs in situ, in which sublimated ligands diffuse into mesoporous tunnels and react with metal precursors. The obtained hierarchically porous composites exhibit record-high adsorption capacity for the bulky molecule trypsin. The thermal and storage stability of trypsin is improved upon immobilization on the composites.     

Experimental analysis of sand particles'' lift-off and incident velocities in wind-blown sand flux

The probability distributions of sand particles' lift-off and incident velocities in a wind-blown sand flux play very important roles in the simulation of the wind-blown sand movement. In this paper, the vertical and the horizontal speeds of sand particles located at 1.0 mm above a sand-bed in a wind-blown sand flux are observed with the aid of Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) in a wind tunnel. Based on the experimental data, the probability distributions of not only the vertical lift-off speed but also the lift-off velocity as well as its horizontal component and the incident velocity as well as its vertical and horizontal components can be obtained by the equal distance histogram method. It is found, according to the results of the χ²-test for these probability distributions, that the probability density functions (pdf's) of the sand particles' lift-off and incident velocities as well as their vertical components are described by the Gamma density function with different peak values and shapes and the downwind incident and lift-off horizontal speeds, respectively, can be described by the lognormal and the Gamma density functions. These pdf's depend on not only the sand particle diameter but also the wind speed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10532040) and the Hundred Talents Project, the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-304). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

井下巷道围岩变形的散斑分析法

通过对散斑计量法原理分析、数学描述及观测实例的论述，证明激光散斑法是研究煤矿地下结构物相似模型变形状态的一种新的无损检测技术，若采用白光作为光源，该项技术可用于二维变形场的实地测试。     

岩体力学中流变与断裂的耦合作用

本文首先分析含Ｉ型裂纹岩石的流变断裂特性，提出了Ⅰ型裂纹流变断裂初度的三个阈值；然后应用断裂力学和粘塑性理论。得出了具有屈服、蠕变和Ⅱ型裂纹扩展等物理力学特性的岩体隧洞的衬砌与围岩应力的解析表达式。     

全断面隧道掘进机分类及其应用范围(英文)

目前,隧道掘进机的机械化及自动化水平得到了很大提高,隧道掘进机可以开挖不同的地质条件下各种形状的隧道。隧道掘进机的类型也越来越多,根据隧道工程场地所处的水文地质与工程地质条件,工程的使用特性及环境的限制,不同类型的隧道掘进机的工作机理需要进一步的理解并依此进行分类,以便选择合适的隧道掘进机。本文介绍了各种类型的全断面隧道掘进机的运行机理,并根据最终开挖隧道断面,掌子面的支护类型及岩土体的破碎机理对全断面隧道掘进机进行分类。本文也总结了各类型的隧道掘进机的应用范围。使用者可根据地质条件及特殊需要对隧道掘进机进行初步的选型。     

富溪双连拱隧道出口高边坡稳定性评价及支护效果分析

富溪双连拱隧道出口高边坡岩体风化、卸荷严重,在施工开挖前边坡中上部已经发生较为明显的倾倒变形,整个变形体处于极限平衡状态。本文在现场调查和岩体结构分析基础上,建立了边坡变形破坏机理的概念模型,利用FLAC3D模拟研究了开挖后坡体变形特征。在变形分析基础上,提出了对倾倒变形体采用锚管注浆处理的边坡治理措施,支护效果模拟计算表明,注浆后边坡稳定性较好,同时监测资料也显示支护措施实施后,边坡的稳定性较好,可以保障公路的施工和长期营运的安全。     

Reflection and transmission of a compression wave at a tunnel portal

Analyses are made of the interaction of the nonlinearly steepened, compression wavefront generated by a high-speed train in a tunnel with the tunnel portal ahead of the train. The ‘micro-pressure’ pulse emitted from the portal can rattle structures in nearby buildings, and the expansion wave reflected back towards the train can cause discomfort to passengers. It is concluded that the usual simplified approximation of one-dimensional propagation within the tunnel provides an adequate representation of interactions of the wave with the portal, and also with ‘windows’ in the tunnel wall near the portal. It is shown how a discrete distribution of windows can be used to produce a reflected expansion wave that varies linearly across the wavefront, and how the thickness of that wavefront can be made many times larger than the thickness of the incident compression wave profile. A detailed analysis of the wave radiated from the portal reveals that cumulative nonlinear effects of propagation over long distances make little or no contribution to the free-space radiation of the micro-pressure wave.     

Spin-polarized current and tunnel magnetoresistance in heterogeneous single-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions

Current in heterogeneous tunnel junctions is studied in the framework of the parabolic conduction-band model. The developed model of the electron tunneling takes explicitly into account the difference of effective masses between ferromagnetic and insulating layers and between conduction subbands. Calculations for Fe/MgO/Fe-like structures have shown the essential impact of effective mass differences in regions (constituents) of the structure on the tunnel magnetoresistance of the junction.     

A note on tunnel number of composite knots

Let K be a knot in a sphere S³. We denote by t(K) the tunnel number of K. For two knots K₁ and K₂, we denote by K₁?K₂ the connected sum of K₁ and K₂. In this paper, we will prove that if one of K₁ and K₂ has high distance while the other has distance at least 3 then t(K₁?K₂)=t(K₁)+t(K₂)+1.     

Some sufficient conditions for tunnel numbers of connected sum of two knots not to go down

In this paper, we show the following result: Let K _i be a knot in a closed orientable 3-manifold M _i such that (M _i ,K _i ) is not homeomorphic to (S ₂ ×S ₁, x ₀ ×S ₁), i = 1, 2. Suppose that the Euler Characteristic of any meridional essential surface in each knot complement E(K _i ) is less than the difference of one and twice of the tunnel number of K _i . Then the tunnel number of their connected sum will not go down. If in addition that the distance of any minimal Heegaard splitting of each knot complement is strictly more than 2, then the tunnel number of their connected sum is super additive.