Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex and seven flavonoids by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex is the bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which has been used as a folk medicine plant in China and India. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed to clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex rapidly. A total of 113 compounds were characterized. Among them, seven flavonoids were simultaneously quantified in 15 min, including myricetin, myricetrin, taxifolin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and naringenin. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and the limits of detection and quantification. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.9990) within test ranges. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.16%. Accuracy validation showed that the recovery was between 95.6 and 101.3% with relative standard deviation values below 2.85%. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the contents of seven flavones in Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex from seven sources and the contents of these places were calculated respectively. This method provides a theoretical basis for further developing the medicinal value of Juglandis Mandshuricae Cortex.     

发光铱(Ⅲ)配合物抗肿瘤活性研究及应用

铱(Ⅲ)配合物因其发光量子产率高且波长易调控、发光寿命长和光稳定性好的特点,在发光材料领域备受关注。铱(Ⅲ)配合物细胞渗透能力强,能靶向多种细胞组织并影响其结构和功能,表现出独特的抗肿瘤活性,是目前金属抗肿瘤药物特别是PDT光敏剂方向的研究热点。本文重点关注铱(Ⅲ)配合物的结构对其发光性能与抗肿瘤性能的影响,综述了近期铱(Ⅲ)配合物在生物成像、探针与传感、抗肿瘤诊疗等领域的研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题及其应用前景进行探讨和展望。     

Characterization and gas adsorption of a novel three‐dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) generated from a new polydentate fluorene‐bridged ligand

A polydentate ligand bridged by a fluorene group, namely 9,9‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2,7‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)fluorene (L), has been prepared under solvothermal conditions in acetonitrile. Crystals of the three‐dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) poly[[[μ₃‐9,9‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2,7‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)fluorene‐κ³N:N′:O]bis(methanol‐κO)(μ‐sulfato‐κ²O:O′)nickel(II)] methanol disolvate], {[Ni(SO₄)(C₂₇H₂₄N₂O₂)(CH₃OH)]·2CH₃OH}_n, (I), were obtained by the solvothermal reaction of L and NiSO₄ in methanol. The ligand L forms a two‐dimensional network in the crystallographic bc plane via two groups of O—H…N hydrogen bonds and neighbouring two‐dimensional planes are completely parallel and stack to form a three‐dimensional structure. In (I), the Ni^II ions are linked by sulfate ions through Ni—O bonds to form inorganic chains and these Ni‐containing chains are linked into a three‐dimensional framework via Ni—O and Ni—N bonds involving the polydentate ligand L. With one of the hydroxy groups of L coordinating to the Ni^II atom, the torsion angle of the hydroxyethyl group changes from that of the uncoordinated molecule. In addition, the adsorption properties of (I) with carbon dioxide were investigated.     

基于基金项目的“一带一路”研究格局与态势分析

以国家和有关部委的资助项目库为数据来源，检索2014-2016年“一带一路”的相关基金立项，运用文献计量和空间分析的方法从项目的负责人、科研单位、所属地域、学科、研究内容等多个角度进行解析，旨在揭示 “一带一路”研究的格局与态势.结果表明：（1）“一带一路”相关基金立项数目总体呈逐年上升趋势，增速平缓，国家社科基金主体地位明显.（2）项目所属单位、省份在空间上呈现集中分布趋势，体现了一定的区位优势、空间关联与地理邻近效应.（3）单个负责人的立项数目差异不大，分布较为平均.（4）“一带一路”、丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路为目前学者主要的研究对象和议题.（5）各类基金高频词汇基本保持同步，五类基金研究的热门领域大体趋于一致，包括经济学、国际问题研究、民族问题研究和交叉学科研究等.最后，从研究数据、时间、空间及学科与合作前景上，对未来的研究趋势做了总结和展望.     

Spectrum–effect relationship of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Laportea bulbifera based on multivariate statistical analysis

Laportea bulbifera, named Hong He Ma in Chinese, is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used by the Miao nationality of China. In this study, 43 batches of L. bulbifera were collected from different origins in China. Ethanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether were used to prepare different extracts of the plant. UHPLC technique was used to establish the fingerprints, whereas DPPH assay and RAW264.7 inflammatory cell models were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Moreover, the spectrum–effect relationship between relative peak area of common peaks and efficacy value was set up by multivariate statistical analysis. Furthermore, 10 batches were selected randomly for validation of those models. The results showed that ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts possess excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. Peaks A₆ and A₇ demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity, while peak A₁₇ showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. After a verified experiment, the result was obtained and illustrated that the spectrum–effect relationship which we established could reliably infer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds of the Chinese herbal medicine.     

中红外光谱结合向量夹角直接定量三氯蔗糖

多组分复杂体系的红外光谱由于成分多样、谱带严重重叠、背景干扰等导致谱图特征减弱，且体系中的红外光谱往往不是各组分光谱的简单叠加，需要借助于化学计量学技术以实现解析。基于朗伯-比尔定律（Lambert-Beer law）并且随着衰减全反射（ATR）技术取样普及，结合偏最小二乘回归法（PLS）、人工神经网络（artificial neural network, ANN）等化学计量法将数据进行累积、特征提取以及校正建模等工作解决红外光谱中严重重叠和非线性等问题，再采用二次测量定量分析已初步具有应用成效，而有效增强信息量表达，降低背景、噪声干扰，减少复杂的计算过程，进而保证定量分析结果的可靠性，则成为研究的主要方向。通过讨论光通道和背景对光谱强度变化的影响，结合向量角度转换提出一种新的近似线性定量方法。经初步理论计算，发现多组分混合物与该混合物中待测组分的相对含量二者间的向量夹角值存在一定的关系，而该关系并不受批次制样的影响，进一步通过高斯曲线模拟混合信号，充分说明选择合适的波长范围，二者在一定范围内存在线性相关性，相关性不受测量条件变化的影响。采用KBr压片法，向待测样品中逐步加入待测组分得到混合样本，分别得到待测组分光谱与混合样本光谱信号，先将其进行一阶求导，消除加性误差后，再将其转化为空间向量角度，消除批次制样中光程差异，再以百分比定义待测物样品的含量，所得到混合样的夹角值与其中所含参照品含量成简单线性关系，即以计算结果夹角值与含量作标准曲线，实现定量分析。本测量方法用于三氯蔗糖（Sucralose, TGS）与三氯蔗糖-6-乙酸酯（4,1,6-trichloro sucrose-6-acetate, TGS-6-A）二者进行一定比例混合（双组分体系），以及TGS-6-A的脱酰产物（多组分体系）中的TGS的含量定量分析，在两种体系中定量均得到令人满意的结果，所建立标准曲线的相关系数r均达到0.995 0以上，相对误差均低于8.0%，所建立的分析方法对利用中红外透射光谱分析研究多组分样品具有重要的参考价值。     

GPR40 受体苯丙酸类激动剂三维定量构效关系研究

苯丙酸类化合物是G蛋白偶联受体40(GPR40)潜在的生物活性药物。本文基于比较分子力场分析法(Co MFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析法(CoMSIA),分别建立了40个已知活性的GPR40受体苯丙酸类激动剂的三维定量构效关系(3D-QSAR)模型,研究该类激动剂与生物活性之间的关系。CoMFA和CoMSIA模型的交叉验证系数(q~2)分别为0. 527和0. 500,拟合验证系数(r~2)分别为0. 901和0. 860,两个3D-QSAR模型预测值与实验值基本一致,表明模型具有良好的可信度和预测能力。根据两个3D-QSAR模型提供的立体场、静电场、疏水场、氢键供体场和氢键受体场所提供的信息提出优化该类抑制剂结构的药物设计思路,为指导设计更高活性的GPR40激动剂以及GRR40新分子激动活性的预测提供理论依据。     

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Qualitative Properties of Infinite Dimensional Linear Programming Problems

Necessary and sufficient conditions for qualitative properties of infinite dimensional linear programing problems such as solvability, duality, and complementary slackness conditions are studied in this article. As illustrations for the results, we investigate the parametric version of Gale’s example.     

Simultaneous quantitation of 23 bioactive compounds in Tanreqing capsule by high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Tanreqing capsule (TRQC) is a formulation frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat pyrexia, cough, expectoration and pharyngalgia. Since the pharmacological action of traditional Chinese medicines is closely related to their complex and diverse constituents, understanding the exact composition of TRQC is important to elucidate its clinical effectiveness and mechanism of action as well as to establish quality control methods and resolve safety issues. Herein, we employed high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of 23 bioactive compounds in five batches of TRQC; the analytes could be categorized into five types: organic acids (seven compounds), flavonoids (10 compounds), iridoids (two compounds), phenylethanoid glycosides (two compounds) and bile acids (two compounds). The calibration curves for all analytes showed good linearity (r > 0.9953), and the inter‐ and intra‐day precisions did not exceed 4.94 and 4.97%, respectively. The recoveries varied from 90.47% to 109.80%; the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) did not exceed 4.94%; and the repeatability (RSD < 4.72%) and stability (RSD < 4.88%) were also within acceptable limits. Thus, this study can be viewed as a fundamental reference for setting comprehensive TRQC quality standards.