近红外光谱的古筝面板用木材等级识别研究

目前民族乐器古筝面板用板材的等级主要依靠乐器技师凭借个人经验进行判断，此方法受限于有丰富经验的技师且容易受其主观判断影响。针对此现状，以用于制作古筝面板的泡桐木材为实验样本，提出了一种利用近红外光谱结合改进的BP神经网络方法，实现快速识别古筝面板用板材的不同等级。近红外光谱可以表征丰富的物质结构与组成信息，并且测量仪器成本较低，附件形式多样化，所以针对泡桐板材的近红外光谱实验分析有实用意义首先进行光谱去噪，消除系统误差等以提高光谱分辨率，根据均方根误差与信号平方和作为多种预处理方法评价指标，选取一阶导数为本实验最终预处理方式，15为合适的滤波去噪窗口大小，然后通过主成分分析法压缩数据以及马氏距离法剔除建模集异常样本，从而建立更具代表性的建模集。然后通过聚类分析无监督学习方法进行板材等级分析，证明板材分级的可行性。由于H₂O在近红外光谱区域具有较大吸收，根据实验光谱分析结果，不考虑其基频振动波段5 396.0～4 978.0 cm-1区域和第一泛音振动波段6 800～7 000 cm-1区域，仅考虑剩余近红外光谱波段信息，将不同光谱信息波段组合，共七种组合波段区域作为神经网络模型的输入，进行面板板材等级识别模型实验。对传统的BP神经网络模型作改进。BP神经网络中学习率的设置采用自适应学习率优化策略，弥补传统神经网络训练速率慢等劣势。同时采用交叉熵函数作为代价函数，从而加快权重的更新速度。选取Relu函数作为输入层与隐藏层之间的传递函数，提高了模型训练速度，有效防止过拟合的发生。选取Softmax函数作为最后一层的传递函数，以此减少复杂计算，构成该研究最终BP神经网络模型。选取不同数量的主成分变量所能提取的光谱信息量不同，通过不断增加主成分个数和调整参与模型的光谱波段区间，调整BP神经网络模型的输入，当主成分个数为11和光谱区间为10 000～7 000和4 976～4 000 cm-1时，未知样本识别率达到99.7%，所选光谱区间涵盖C-H等基团全部特征信息。研究结果表明，近红外光谱结合神经网络可以对不同等级的泡桐木材进行有效的识别，降低人工检测误差，缩短板材分级时间，更好地满足乐器市场需求。     

Deformation of thin straight pipes under concentrated forces or prescribed edge displacements

The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient analytic method for obtaining the deformation of thin straight pipes, subjected to prescribed edge displacements or concentrated loads.The approach uses the mixed formulation where unknown functions are combined with trigonometric terms. A variational procedure is used to obtain the system of ordinary differential equations. For the applied load a Fourier approach is used to represent the load as an analytical function. For the prescribed displacement, three solutions for the ovalization are evaluated and a method based on energy contribution of each term is used to obtain their superposition.In contrast to finite element method the proposed method is efficient and can be applied to other boundary condition problems leading to continuous displacement and stress fields with a low number of unknowns. Comparisons with experimental and finite element procedures show good agreement that enhances the merits of the analytical solutions proposed.The value of this method is based on solving the differential equations rather than using commercial codes. So far, the solution of prescribed edge displacements has been limited to one term. This paper discusses how to add further terms using the mixed formulation, thus, presenting a novel procedure.     

On wave families in a two-layer falling film

Using an approximate method, families of non-linear steady-traveling periodic waves in a two-layer falling film have been found for the first time. Computed waves have qualitatively similar behavior as that of those found in homogeneous films but the quantitative characteristics of the waves strongly depend on additional similarity parameters in the two-layer films. In particular, the average location of the interface affects the bifurcation scheme of the waves.     

Strain effects on multiferroic BiFeO3 films

The field of multiferroics has experienced a rapid progress resulting in the discovery of many new physical phenomena. BiFeO₃ (BFO) compound, which is one of the few room-temperature single-phase multiferroics, has contributed subsequently to this progress. As a result, significant review articles have been devoted specifically to this famous system. This chapter is dedicated to the strain effects on the structure stability and property changes of BFO thin films. It is a short and non-exhaustive topical overview that may be seen as an invitation for interested readers to go beyond. There is a very active and prolific research in this field and we apologize to the authors whose relevant work is not cited here. After a short introduction, we will thus review the effect of strain on BFO films by describing the consequences on the structure and the phase transitions as well as on polar, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties.     

Estimation of partially specified spatial panel data models with random-effects

In this article, we study estimation of a partially specified spatial panel data linear regression with random-effects. Under the conditions of exogenous spatial weighting matrix and exogenous regressors, we give an instrumental variable estimation. Under certain sufficient assumptions, we show that the proposed estimator for the finite dimensional parameter is root-N consistent and asymptotically normally distributed and the proposed estimator for the unknown function is consistent and asymptotically distributed. Consistent estimators for the asymptotic variance-covariance matrices of both the parametric and unknown components are provided. The Monte Carlo simulation results verify our theory and suggest that the approach has some practical value.     

Voltage control of millimeter-wave ferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic heterostructures thin films

Multiferroic heterostructures thin films, SrBi₂Ta₂O₉/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ (SBT/BaM), were grown on Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si substrates by using magnetron sputtering and Sol-gel ways. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed that only SBT and BaM phases appeared in the multiferroic heterostructures. Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed that the saturated magnetization was 3.7 kG and the M-H characteristics of SBT/BaM were not influenced by the presence of the SBT layer. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement showed the lowest FMR linewidth of 205 Oe at 50 GHz. Additionally, when direct-current electric field was applied to SBT layer, as a result of which mechanical deformation of the ferromagnetic layer occurred that leads to a frequency shift in ferromagnetic resonance and the magnetoelectric coupling effect (α) is 1.8 MHz*cm/kV. Our findings indicate that these SBT/BaM thin films have a significant potential for the usage in millimeter wave tunable devices.     

爆炸荷载作用下方形夹芯板动力学响应与优化设计数值分析

为研究方形蜂窝铝板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力学响应,基于LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件,建立了TNT炸药-前后面板-蜂窝夹芯-空气的三维有限元模型。采用ALE(任意的拉格朗日欧拉)多物质流固耦合算法分析了蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的变形机理、塑性变形、能量吸收以及结构的优化。数值模拟结果表明:随着面板厚度、核心高度的增加,蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的塑性变形明显减小,抵抗变形的能力增强;随着爆轰入射角度的增加,结构的破坏程度有所减小,入射角越大这种效果越发明显。对结构给定边长和受冲击面积以及面板厚度配合比、夹芯量纲为一的高度进行了局部的优化分析,为设计优质铝蜂窝板提供参考。     

Microstructure evolution of room-temperature-sputtered ITO films suitable for silicon heterojunction solar cells

Thickness influence on structural, optical and electrical properties of sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) with thickness ranging from 60 up to 430 nm films has been studied. At the increase of the film thickness crystallinity degree and grain size increased, whereas tensile structural distortion as well as resistivity decreased. It was observed that a microstructure evolution takes place: the initial amorphous layer evolved in polycrystalline phase, with a grain–subgrain surface morphology. Carrier concentration increased at the increase of the film thickness and a general relationship between electrical characteristics and structural distortion has been found. In thinner films larger tensile distortion allowed to include larger amount of interstitial O and/or Sn atoms in the lattice. An appreciable impact of the thickness was also observed on electro-optical properties in terms of changes in energy gap, resistivity and optical absorption. Silicon heterojunction solar cells have been produced and J_sc as high as 33.0 mA/cm² has been obtained.     

Comparative study of optical analysis methods for thin films

Three popular optical analysis methods (the transfer-matrix method, the Tinkham formula, and Beer's law) have been used for analyzing the optical spectra of thin films. While the transfer-matrix method is an accurate method, the Tinkham formula and Beer's law are approximate methods. Here we investigated the three methods using measured transmittance spectra of insulating transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) thin films on a quartz substrate. Three different semiconducting 2H-TMD systems (MoS₂, MoSe₂, and MoTe₂) were measured and analyzed. The optical conductivities obtained from the measured transmittance spectra using the transfer-matrix method and Tinkham formula and the absorption coefficients obtained using the transfer-matrix method and Beer's law were compared. The comparisons show some discrepancies. The reasons for the discrepancies between the results obtained via the two different methods were examined and the application limitations of the Tinkham formula and Beer's law were discussed.