Magnetic properties of Terfenol-D film on a compliant substrate

Substrate thickness effects on the magnetization and magnetostriction of Terfenol-D films was studied by using a nonlinear constitutive model combined with the Timosheko elastic theory. Results show that characteristics of Terfenol-D films on compliant substrates are different from those of their bulk counterpart. Tunable properties can be obtained by adjusting the film/substrate thickness ratio.     

Optimal orientation field to manufacture magnetostrictive composites with high magnetostrictive performance

Magnetostrictive properties have relationship with the applied orientation field during the preparation of giant magnetostrictive composites. To understand the dependence of the optimal orientation field on particle volume fraction, composites with 20%, 30% and 50% particles by volume were fabricated by distributing Terfenol-D particles in an unsaturated polyester resin under various orientation fields. Their magnetostrictive properties were tested without pre-stress at room temperature. The results indicate that as the particle volume fraction increases, the optimal orientation field increases. The main reason for this phenomenon is the packing density for the composites with higher particle volume fraction is larger than that for those with lower particle content.     

The effect of magnetic field heat treatment on magnetostriction of Terfenol-D 2-2 composites

Based on the analysis of the magnetostriction for Terfenol-D composites, Terfenol-D 2-2 magnetostrictive composites have been prepared with laminations perpendicular to [1 1 2] axes. Then one of the samples was annealed in the vacuum at 423 K for 15 min at the magnetic field of 240 kA/m, which is along the direction of laminations and vertical to the [1 1 2] axes of the specimen. The static magnetostriction λ and dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of samples were measured under the compressive stress of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 MPa. Effects of the compressive stress and the magnetic field heat treatment on the magnetostriction λ have been investigated. It is found that the magnetostriction of 2-2 composites can be improved under the compressive stress when the magnetic field is larger than 20 kA/m. The magnetostriction of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment increases under compressive stress, and it can reach 1390×10⁻⁶ at the magnetic field of 200 kA/m and under the compressive stress of 4 MPa, much larger than the value of 860×10⁻⁶ without the magnetic field heat treatment. The highest magnetostriction of the 2-2 composite with the magnetic field heat treatment can reach 1530×10⁻⁶. The dynamic magnetostrictive coefficient d₃₃ of 2-2 composites with the magnetic field heat treatment have been improved, compared with that without magnetic field heat treatment. The maximum value of d₃₃ of the sample with magnetic field heat treatment is 71% larger than that without magnetic field heat treatment.     

粘结超磁致伸缩Tb-Dy-Fe合金磁致伸缩性能的研究

采用粘结方法制备了Tb1-xDyxFe2棒状合金样品，经筛选确定了粘结材料的制备工艺，测试了粘结棒状合金样品的静态、动态磁致伸缩系数和磁机械耦合系数k33。结果表明，所制备的粘结棒状样品具有较高的磁致伸缩性能，且动态磁致伸缩参数k33和磁机械耦合系数k33高于国外所报道的结果。     

800Hz Terfenol-D鱼唇式弯张换能器

本文研制了800Hz Terfenol-D鱼唇式弯张换能器，换能器设计中采用永磁偏磁场和能有效抑制涡流损耗的闭合磁路结构，最高声源级185dB，-3dB带宽180Hz,这种鱼唇工弯张换能器克服了连续直流提供偏磁场时发热强的缺点，并且仅需要普通的功率放大器，更适于长时间连续工作，使这一新型低频大功率水声换能器趋于实用化。     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2合金磁畴偏转研究

研究了Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe₂合金在压磁和磁 弹性效应中的磁畴偏转和磁导率特性. 基于Stoner-Wolhfarth 模型能量极小原理, 绘制了自由能与磁畴偏转角度的关系曲线, 研究了压应力和磁场载荷作用下磁畴角度的偏转特性, 计算分析了不同载荷作用下磁畴偏转的磁导率特性, 并与实验数据进行比较论证. 研究表明,应力和磁场的作用都将使磁畴方向[111]和[111]发生角度跃迁, 直观有效地解释了材料巨磁致伸缩效应的机理; 应力和磁场作用下磁畴的偏转将使材料磁导率呈减小趋势, 其中磁场能对磁导率的影响大于应力能, 这一现象在小载荷作用下尤为明显. 实验结果表明, 磁导率的计算数据与实验数据符合得较好, 验证了计算方法的正确性. 理论分析对Terfenol-D磁畴偏转模型的完善 和磁化过程中磁滞回线的绘制非常有意义.     

Giant forced volume magnetostriction in polycrystalline Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 alloys under magnetomechanical loading

The axial and transversal linear magnetostrictions (λ_∥ and λ_⊥) in [1 1 0] oriented polycrystalline Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe_1.95 alloys were measured simultaneously under uniaxial magnetomechanical loading to get the forced volume magnetostriction (ω=λ_∥+2λ_⊥). Despite the almost zero ω observed in Terfenol-D single crystals, it reaches up to 1000×10⁻⁶ in polycrystalline Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe_1.95 alloys near the saturation magnetic field under a stress above 50 MPa.     

A nonlinear constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials

A general nonlinear constitutive model is proposed for magnetostrictive materials, based on the important physical fact that a nonlinear part of the elastic strain produced by a pre-stress is related to the magnetic domain rotation or movement and is responsible for the change of the maximum magnetostrictive strain with the pre-stress. To avoid the complicity of determining the tensor function describing the nonlinear elastic strain part, this paper proposes a simplified model by means of linearizing the nonlinear function. For the convenience of engineering applications, the expressions of the 3-D (bulk), 2-D (film) and 1-D (rod) models are, respectively, given for an isotropic material and their applicable ranges are also discussed. By comparison with the experimental data of a Terfenol-D rod, it is found that the proposed model can accurately predict the magnetostrictive strain curves in low, moderate and high magnetic field regions for various compressive pre-stress levels. The numerical simulation further illustrates that, for either magnetostrictive rods or thin films, the proposed model can effectively describe the effects of the pre-stress or residual stress on the magnetization and magnetostrictive strain curves, while none of the known models can capture all of them. Therefore, the proposed model enjoys higher precision and wider applicability than the previous models, especially in the region of the high field.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10132010 and 90405005)     

A one-dimension coupled hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials

This paper addresses the development of a one-dimension model for quantifying magnetic-elastic-thermal coupling and hysteresis inherent to giant magnetostrictive materials. Firstly, the anhysteretic law is modeled by considering the Gibbs free energy function G(σ, M, T), and thermodynamic relations are used to obtain the constitutive expressions. These expressions character the effects of coupling between stress, magnetization, and temperature in the giant magnetostrictive material but hysteresis, i.e. strain and magnetic intensity described by above the constitutive expressions are single-valued function of the magnetization. And then pinning is incorporated to describe hysteresis based on Jiles–Atherton model. The model considered in the paper is demonstrated valid by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. Moreover, the model proposed in the paper is convenient to be used in engineering applications since the parameters referred to the model have definite physical mean and can all be easily determined by experiments.     

Terfenol-D超磁致伸缩换能器的有限元模拟

本文研究了利用ＡＮＳＹＳ软件分析磁致伸缩换能器,使这一有限元分析软件能够用于Ｔｅｒｆｅｎｏｌ－Ｄ换能器的分析设计。设计了１４ｋＨｚ Ｔｅｒｆｅｎｏｌ－Ｄ纵向换能器,计算结果与实验结果符合很好。