血液接触生物材料的血液相容性评价研究进展

生物材料的血液相容性是决定该材料能否在临床成功应用的重要标准之一。当材料与血液接触后,会引起溶血、凝血和免疫等一系列反应,机制复杂且受多种因素影响。因此,在材料临床应用前需根据ISO 10993-4进行生物相容性评价,血液相容性评价是其中重要部分,但目前尚未形成统一的评价标准与评价体系。本文总结了近年对血液相容性评价的主要方法,为今后生物材料血液相容性评价体系的建立提供参考。     

A step-by-step guide to building two-population stochastic mortality models

Two-population stochastic mortality models play a crucial role in the securitization of longevity risk. In particular, they allow us to quantify the population basis risk when longevity hedges are built from broad-based mortality indexes. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a systematic process for constructing a two-population mortality model for a pair of populations. The process encompasses four steps, namely (1) determining the conditions for biological reasonableness, (2) identifying an appropriate base model specification, (3) choosing a suitable time-series process and correlation structure for projecting period and/or cohort effects into the future, and (4) model evaluation.For each of the seven single-population models from Cairns et al. (2009), we propose two-population generalizations. We derive criteria required to avoid long-term divergence problems and the likelihood functions for estimating the models. We also explain how the parameter estimates are found, and how the models are systematically simplified to optimize the fit based on the Bayes Information Criterion. Throughout the paper, the results and methodology are illustrated using real data from two pairs of populations.     

基于层次分析法的企业网络舆情危机应对评价研究

网络舆情危机应对评价是企业在新的舆论背景下研究危机应对的重点.采用定量和定性分析有机结合的层次分析法确定指标体系及权重,给出了企业网络舆情危机应对评价的步骤,并进行了评价验证.该评价体系为相关单位网络舆情危机应对评价提供一定的参考和指导.     

模糊识别模式在粉土液化判别中的应用

基于模糊数学的基本原理和方法,分析了粉土液化的影响因素,选取粉土的平均粒径,相对密度,标准贯入击数和上覆有效压力作为评价指标,构造粉土液化的模糊识别模式。验证和应用结果表明,模糊识别模式具有很好的映射能力,是粉土液化势预测的有效手段。     

地下与露天复合采动影响下边坡岩体稳定性评价方法的研究

矿产资源的开采, 有些是按地下与露天复合开采方式进行。依据采区的空间对应关系, 两种采动影响域中的一部分相互重叠, 导致采动效应相互作用和相互叠加, 从而组成一个复合动态系统, 因此边坡岩体变形机理更加复杂, 与单一露天开采相比有较大的差异；然而, 过去在处理此类问题时近似地应用单一露天采动影响下的分析方法, 结果与实际情况存在一定差异；本文在理论分析的基础上, 推导出边坡稳定性的评价方法, 为此类矿山后续采矿设计及安全生产提供科学依据。     

Novel metrics and methodology for the characterisation of 3D imaging systems

The modelling, benchmarking and selection process for non-contact 3D imaging systems relies on the ability to characterise their performance. Characterisation methods that require optically compliant artefacts such as matt white spheres or planes, fail to reveal the performance limitations of a 3D sensor as would be encountered when measuring a real world object with problematic surface finish. This paper reports a method of evaluating the performance of 3D imaging systems on surfaces of arbitrary isotropic surface finish, position and orientation. The method involves capturing point clouds from a set of samples in a range of surface orientations and distances from the sensor. Point clouds are processed to create a single performance chart per surface finish, which shows both if a point is likely to be recovered, and the expected point noise as a function of surface orientation and distance from the sensor. In this paper, the method is demonstrated by utilising a low cost pan-tilt table and an active stereo 3D camera. Its performance is characterised by the fraction and quality of recovered data points on aluminium isotropic surfaces ranging in roughness average (Ra) from 0.09 to 0.46 µm at angles of up to 55° relative to the sensor over a distances from 400 to 800 mm to the scanner. Results from a matt white surface similar to those used in previous characterisation methods contrast drastically with results from even the dullest aluminium sample tested, demonstrating the need to characterise sensors by their limitations, not just best case performance.     

Multiple Statistical models for simulation and prediction of nonlinear processes

The paper describes a parameterisation procedure for multiple nonlinear equations with intercepts. These equations may consist of numerous members with few practical limitations on their structure. Examples are given on the application of the procedure to simulation in the areas of chemical technology and hydrology. Advantages of the proposed method are simplicity of the fitting procedure, high accuracy of simulations and more reliable simulations beyond the calibration range     

Projective Reed–Muller type codes on rational normal scrolls

In this paper we study an instance of projective Reed–Muller type codes, i.e., codes obtained by the evaluation of homogeneous polynomials of a fixed degree in the points of a projective variety. In our case the variety is an important example of a determinantal variety, namely the projective surface known as rational normal scroll, defined over a finite field, which is the basic underlining algebraic structure of this work. We determine the dimension and a lower bound for the minimum distance of the codes, and in many cases we also find the exact value of the minimum distance. To obtain the results we use some methods from Gröbner bases theory.     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organized the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimize the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organised the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimise the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.