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1.
《Wave Motion》2018
The evolution of surface gravity waves is driven by nonlinear interactions that trigger an energy cascade similarly to the one observed in hydrodynamic turbulence. This process, known as wave turbulence, has been found to display anomalous scaling with deviation from classical turbulent predictions due to the emergence of coherent and intermittent structures on the water surface. In the ocean, waves are spread over a wide range of directions, with a consequent attenuation of the nonlinear properties. A laboratory experiment in a large wave facility is presented to discuss the sensitivity of wave turbulence on the directional properties of model wave spectra. Results show that the occurrence of coherent and intermittent structures become less likely with the broadening of the wave directional spreading. There is no evidence, however, that intermittency completely vanishes. 相似文献
2.
Eric Sperlich Jonas Knig Daniel Holger Weiß Florian Schrder Martin Kckerling 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2019,645(3):233-241
Six new hexanuclear niobium cluster compounds of the general formula [Nb6Cl14L4] · x(solvent molecule) [L = neutral O or N donor ligand, x = 0–2.5; pyrimidine ( 1 ), 1‐methyl imidazole ( 2 ), isobutyronitrile ( 3 ), isopropyl alcohol ( 4 ), triphenylphosphine oxide ( 5 ), dimethyl sulfoxide ( 6 )] were prepared. The syntheses were carried out by dehydration of the precursor [Nb6Cl14(H2O)4] · 4H2O with different water scavangers, like acetic anhydride, trimethyl acetic anhydride and diethylcarbonate in the presence of the corresponding neutral ligand. The structures are determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The specific bonding situations of the ligands to the [Nb6Cl12]2+ cluster cores are compared and discussed. The phenomenon of the observed M6 distortion is explained and interpreted based on the matrix effect and the terminal ligand effect. In addition, other interactions between the cluster units, such as hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Martin Kaiser Aron Wosylus Birgit Gerke Rainer Pttgen Karel Proke Michael Ruck Thomas Doert 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2019,645(6-7):564-569
The crystal structure of the important industrial orange pigment PO82, major part of the BASF Colors & Effects® product Sicopal® Orange K/L 2430, was solved from combined X‐ray single crystal, X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction, 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and chemical analyses. The structure contains Keggin type clusters composed of four [M3O13] trimers consisting each of three MO6 octahedra that share edges and one common oxygen atom connecting the trimers to the central ZnO4 tetrahedron. The octahedrally coordinated metal atom position is mixed occupied by Ti4+, Sn4+, and Zn2+. Adjacent Keggin clusters share vertices and are further interconnected to four ZnO4 tetrahedra. This framework of interconnected MO6 octahedra and ZnO4 tetrahedra contains channels along [110], in which the Sn2+ cations are located. 相似文献
4.
Several pseudohalide containing ionic liquids with quarternary ammonium counter cations of the general formula [R3MeN]X [R = ethyl ( 1X ), n‐butyl ( 2X ) with X– = CN–, N3–, OCN–, and SCN–] were synthesized by decomposition of the corresponding trialkylammonium methylcarbonate in the reaction with Me3Si–X. We also treated 2CN with OP(OMe)3, yielding [nBu3MeN][O2P(OMe)2] and acetonitrile (Me‐CN). The double salt [nBu3MeN]2{[B(OMe)3(CN)](CN)} was obtained from the reaction of 2CN with B(OMe)3, featuring the formation of the monocyanotrimethoxyborate anion, [B(OMe)3(CN)]–, co‐crystallized with [nBu3MeN]CN. [nBu3MeN]2{[B(OMe)3(CN)](CN)} was fully characterized including structure elucidation. 相似文献
5.
Peng Fei Ji Yong Li Yue Li Song Feng Qun Zhou Ming Li Tian Shu Qing Yuan 《Physics letters. A》2019,383(26):125841
CdS/Si heterojunctions have been prepared through growing CdS nanocrystallites (nc-CdS) on the silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) by the chemical bath deposition method. Cadmium nanocrystallites (nc-Cd) have been observed and ascribed to the reducibility of Si-NPA. The reason for the appearance of CdO is indistinct and the related work will be done in the future. The blue, green and red emissions are ascribed to the silicon oxide layer, band gap of nc-CdS and the sulphur vacancies, respectively. Redshift and blueshift with the annealing temperature about green emissions are contributed to quantum size effect and the structure transition from nc-Cd to CdO. It is beneficial for investigating the structures and defects to the application of CdS/Si in the optoelectronic field. 相似文献
6.
This study investigated the effects of different treatment of alkaline pH-shifting on milk protein concentrate (MPC), micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) assisted by the same ultrasound conditions, including changes in the physicochemical properties, solubility and foaming capacity. The solubility of milk proteins had a significant increase with gradual enhancement of ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting (p < 0.05), especially for MCC up to 99.50 %. Also, treatment made a significant decline in the particle size of MPC and MCC, as well as the turbidity of the proteins (p < 0.05). The foaming capacity of MPC, MCC, and WPI was all improved, especially at pH 11, and at this pH, the milk protein also showed the highest surface hydrophobicity. The best foaming capacity at pH 11 was the result of the combined effect of particle size, potential, protein conformation, solubility, and surface hydrophobicity. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment was found to be effective in improving the physicochemical properties and solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins, especially MCC, with promising application prospect in food industry. 相似文献
7.
Motoyoshi Nakano Yudai Ishimur Riki Hott Daiki Hebiguchi Toshiaki Nagat Fuminori Misaizu 《化学物理学报》2019,32(2):193-199
本文通过离子迁移质谱法研究了氧化钠团簇阳离子(NanOm+,n≤11)的稳定结构. 质谱结果表明化学计量组成Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+ (n=3、5、7、9和11)系列是稳定的,并且NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+ (n=5、7、9和11)系列作为二级稳定系列. 为了获得这些团簇离子的结构,通过离子迁移率测量实验测定离子和氦缓冲气体之间的碰撞截面. 同时计算了这些组合物优化结构的理论碰撞截面. 结果表明,Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+和NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+的结构除了n=9之外,其它具有相似结构框架. Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+所有的化合键位于钠和氧之间. 另一方面,NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+中除了Na-O键之外,还存在一个O-O氧键,表明NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+具有过氧化物离子(O22-)作为Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+的氧化物离子(O2-) 的替代物. Na(Na2O)(n-1)/2+和NaO(Na2O)(n-1)/2+两种稳定系列都是闭壳组合物. 这些闭壳特征对氧化钠簇阳离子的稳定性具有强烈影响. 相似文献
8.
本文利用红外光解离光谱研究了一价钴阳离子与二氧化碳之间的相互作用. 通过密度泛函理论计算得到[Co(CO2)n]+团簇的几何结构,并且模拟了它们的振动光谱与实验数值进行比较. 研究结果表明,在[Co(CO2)n]+(n=2∽6)团簇中,钴阳离子通过电四极矩静电作用以端点结合的方式与二氧化碳中的氧原子结合在一起. 团簇的红外光谱都集中在二氧化碳反对称伸缩的波数附近,并且随着团簇尺寸的变化出现蓝移,最后把[Co(CO2)n]+的红外光解离光谱与稀有气体贴附的[Co(CO2)n]+-Ar的红外光解离光谱进行了比较. 相似文献
9.
丝织品是由丝蛋白质组成,高温、高湿及污染物等因素会使其结构发生变化。为了科学地评估博物馆中污染气体对丝织品结构的影响,采取人工模拟实验制备二氧化氮、二氧化硫、乙酸和氨气常见博物馆污染气体环境,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)从丝蛋白质肽链结构、二级结构等方面探讨4种污染气体对丝织品蛋白质结构的影响。实验结果表明,二氧化氮老化30 h后样品的红外光谱在1 382 cm-1波数附近出现甲基对称变角振动吸收峰,而其他气体老化50 d的丝织品仍未产生甲基对称变角振动,说明二氧化氮对丝织品破坏最严重。所有污染气体老化后,样品的红外光谱在975和999 cm-1丝蛋白-Gly-Ala-和-Gly-Gly-肽链(一级)结构特征吸收峰处均有不同程度减弱,但碱性气体氨气较酸性气体减弱更明显。傅里叶红外光谱技术结合酰胺Ⅲ带(1 330~1 200 cm-1)去卷积和高斯拟合法研究表明,50 d氨老化后仅引起丝蛋白质非结晶区的轻微变化,α-螺旋、无规卷曲、β-折叠含量变化幅度较小,丝蛋白二级结构变化较小。相比而言,酸性气体对丝蛋白二级结构影响更加显著,出现β-折叠相对含量大幅降低、无规卷曲相对含量明显增加,其结晶区遭受严重破坏。在4种气体中,二氧化氮对丝织品二级结构影响最显著,老化30 h后β-折叠相对含量由原始值30.36%降低至18.12%,约降低40%。相应的二氧化氮对丝织品强度破坏最严重,在β-折叠含量降低的同时,材料的力学强度出现了显著降低。利用波数在1 700和1 640 cm-1红外光谱吸收峰的比值(A1 700/1 640)和波数在1 620和1 514 cm-1红外光谱吸收峰的比值(A1 620/1 514)判断样品的老化方式,实验结果表明二氧化氮、二氧化硫、氨气老化样品的方式主要为氧化老化,而乙酸老化的样品则发生氧化老化和水解老化两种老化方式。随着老化时间的延长,4种气体中二氧化氮老化样品的A1 620/1 514比值增加最多、氧化最严重。推断与二氧化氮的强氧化性有关,也与二氧化氮使丝织品产生显著的甲基对称变角振动有关。建议博物馆应严格监测和控制二氧化氮气体浓度。该研究为制定合理的丝织品文物存放环境提供科学依据,对丝织品文物的保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(8):104008
Remarkably, nanomaterials can interact with the cells of immune system and either enhance or inhibit its function in many ways. Unfortunately, such valuable information has been overlooked in studies of polysaccharide immune activity. This study isolated a nano-polysaccharide from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri by membrane separation system, DEAE-52 and Sephadex-G200. The physicochemical characterization and immunoregulatory activity were studied through DLS, Congo red, Scanning Electron Microscope, UV–Vis, HPGPC, FT-IR, Methylation, NMR, MTT, neutral red and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that VBCP2.5 was an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 674 kDa. Its monosaccharides composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose at a molar ratio of 1.72: 9.59: 57.63: 5.37: 6.71: 18.99. VBCP2.5 possessed micelle forming ability at 52.574 µg/mL and flexible chain conformation, as well as with a small size distribution ~ 84.99 nm and positive charge in stimulated blood fluid and different from that in deionized water. The microtopography was characterized by irregular lamellar, dendritic, cylindrical or spherical aggregates, with folds and cracks on the surface. Structure analyses showed that VBCP2.5 characterized by high proportion of 1,4 linked-α-D-GalpA and a small fraction of RG-I, some other glycosidic linkages included 1,5 linked-α-L-Araf, 1,3,5 linked-α-L-Araf, 1,3,4 linked-Galp, 1,4,6 linked-Manp, t-α-L-Araf, t-β-D-Glcp and t-α-D-Galp were also comprised. VBCP2.5 exhibited immunomodulatory potential which included the promotion of phagocytosis, the release of NO and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 of RAW264.7 cells. The possible activation of macrophages by VBCP2.5 may be mediated through endocytosis pathway. Small size, positive charge, shape and flexible conformation may accelerate this process. The information gathered here could lead to new platform for comprehensive understand included primary structure, properties of nanoscale, and correlation with immunoregulation of polysaccharides. 相似文献