Estimation of particle dynamics in 2-D fluidized beds using particle tracking velocimetry

The experimental characterization of particle dynamics in fluidized beds is of great importance in fostering an understanding of solid phase motion and its effect on particle properties in granulation processes. Commonly used techniques such as particle image velocimetry rely on the cross-correlation of illumination intensity and averaging procedures. It is not possible to obtain single particle velocities with such techniques. Moreover, the estimated velocities may not accurately represent the local particle velocities in regions with high velocity gradients. Consequently, there is a need for devices and methods that are capable of acquiring individual particle velocities. This paper describes how particle tracking velocimetry can be adapted to dense particulate flows. The approach presented in this paper couples high-speed imaging with an innovative segmentation algorithm for particle detection, and employs the Voronoi method to solve the assignment problem usually encountered in densely seeded flows. Lagrangian particle tracks are obtained as primary information, and these serve as the basis for calculating sophisticated quantities such as the solid-phase flow field, granular temperature, and solid volume fraction. We show that the consistency of individual trajectories is sufficient to recognize collision events.     

基于超限学习机算法的空间目标材质多色测光识别研究

随着各国航天活动的增多，空间目标的数量和种类不断增加，对空间目标进行编目识别是各国空间目标监视领域的重要研究内容。对空间目标进行识别，主要是为了获得其表面材质、姿态、形状、关键载荷等信息，而表面材质信息的获取是开展目标光学特性及状态认知研究的基础。搭建空间目标表面材质多色测光测量系统，整套系统部署在光学暗室内，以减少杂散光对测量结果的影响。光源采用太阳模拟器，光谱等级A级；探测器采用美国ASD公司生产的FieldSpec4地物光谱仪，波长范围350～2 500 nm，光谱分辨率1 nm，光纤置于电控转台上，能对待测样片实现不同观测几何下的测量。利用Johnson-Cousins UBVRI五色分光系统对8种常用表面材质（砷化镓、氧化铝、氧化聚酰亚胺薄膜、黑漆、环氧漆、镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜、钛青蓝漆、白漆）在不同观测几何条件下的10种色指数数据进行实验测量，每种色指数分别测得30组实验数据。采用传统的1-sigma不确定框方法（即对于给定材质的若干组实验数据，计算其每种色指数的平均值和标准差，以平均值为中心，以标准差的两倍为边长画出色指数不确定框），在最理想的识别情况下，通过R-I和B-R色指数不确定框能对砷化镓、氧化铝、氧化聚酰亚胺薄膜、钛青蓝漆四种材质进行识别；利用B-V和B-R色指数不确定框可以将环氧漆、白漆识别出来，剩余两种材质黑漆和镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜无法通过以上色指数进行识别。但是1-sigma不确定框方法存在两个主要问题：一是需要知道待测材质对特定波段敏感的先验信息，来确定所用的色指数类型；二是识别率容易受测试样本数量的影响，可靠性差。超限学习机算法是一种利用随机化隐层节点和和最小二乘求解方式进行训练的机器学习算法，具备学习效率快，泛化性能好，不容易陷入局部最优解等优势，被广泛应用于对数据的分类和回归分析中。因此引入超限学习机算法，将色指数数据按照2∶1的比例随机分为训练样本和测试样本，共进行三次随机试验。在训练样本中，对每种材质按照1∶8的顺序进行编号，即编号1∶8的测试样本分别有20个，分别包含10种色指数数据；在测试样本中同样对其按照已知归属材质对应编号。采用决定系数和计算时间作为判断ELM算法准确性和实时性的判断指标。结果表明：无论是对单一材质进行识别，还是对所有测试材质样本，训练样本决定系数在0.98以上，测试样本决定系数在0.96以上，每次试验中最多有3组色指数数据无法识别；所需总时间最长在0.07 s内完成，甚至可以达到0.002 s，识别效率和可靠性远高于传统的1-sigma不确定框法，表明ELM算法能对空间目标常用材质进行准确快速识别。相关研究可为空间非合作目标的外形、姿态等状态信息反演提供技术支持。     

线型离子阱中空间电荷效应的理论分析

线型离子阱中的离子在射频场作用下做宏观的久期运动,久期运动频率与实验参数有关.但当离子阱中囚禁大量同种电荷的离子时,空间电荷效应会导致离子间存在相互排斥的库仑力,使离子的运动频率发生漂移.本文通过求解泊松方程计算了空间电荷产生的附加电场的解析表达式,在小振动近似下理论计算了该附加电场对久期运动频率的影响,模拟了不同离子云中心密度下久期频率的漂移,讨论了离子云的数目、温度与实验参数之间的关系.对用离子阱进行的频标实验、碰撞实验和其他方面的研究都具有重要的指导意义.     

Quasilinear Schrödinger equations with unbounded or decaying potentials

We study the existence of nonnegative and nonzero solutions for the following class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations: where V and Q are potentials that can be singular at the origin, unbounded or vanishing at infinity. In order to prove our existence result we used minimax techniques in a suitable weighted Orlicz space together with regularity arguments and we need to obtain a symmetric criticality type result.     

Shape morphing and topology optimization of fluid channels by explicit boundary tracking

An integrated shape morphing and topology optimization approach based on the deformable simplicial complex methodology is developed to address Stokes and Navier‐Stokes flow problems. The optimized geometry is interpreted by a set of piecewise linear curves embedded in a well‐formed triangular mesh, resulting in a physically well‐defined interface between fluid and impermeable regions. The shape evolution is realized by deforming the curves while maintaining a high‐quality mesh through adaption of the mesh near the structural boundary, rather than performing global remeshing. Topological changes are allowed through hole merging or splitting of islands. The finite element discretization used provides smooth and stable optimized boundaries for simple energy dissipation objectives. However, for more advanced problems, boundary oscillations are observed due to conflicts between the objective function and the minimum length scale imposed by the meshing algorithm. A surface regularization scheme is introduced to circumvent this issue, which is specifically tailored for the deformable simplicial complex approach. In contrast to other filter‐based regularization techniques, the scheme does not introduce additional control variables, and at the same time, it is based on a rigorous sensitivity analysis. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.     

Brownian motion with drift on spaces with varying dimension

Many properties of Brownian motion on spaces with varying dimension (BMVD in abbreviation) have been explored in Chen and Lou (2018). In this paper, we study Brownian motion with drift on spaces with varying dimension (BMVD with drift in abbreviation). Such a process can be conveniently defined by a regular Dirichlet form that is not necessarily symmetric. Through the method of Duhamel’s principle, it is established in this paper that the transition density of BMVD with drift has the same type of two-sided Gaussian bounds as that for BMVD (without drift). As a corollary, we derive Green function estimate for BMVD with drift.