ORSIS – News and further developments

The paper deals with the simulation program Off Road Systems Interactive Simulation (ORSIS) which is the w,orldwide leading simulation tool for off road driving of wheeled vehicles. Even though the present state of development allows a very realistic simulation of the man–vehicle–terrain system, there is continuous further improvement in the computer program’s detail. Some of the recent innovations integrated into the program are presented in this paper. These examples were chosen in a way that the scope of the further developments can be demonstrated. They represent three main directions of the work carried out: the refining of the tire–soil-model, the integration of new technologies and subsystems into the vehicle model and the improvement of the man–machine–interface especially in driving simulators.The first part of the paper describes a further development of the tire–soil-model. A significant improvement has been achieved to include the influence of slippery surfaces on traction in combination with the tire tread pattern. Results from finite element method (FEM) as well as real measurements were used to build up an approach, which qualitatively allows the influence of the positive–negative portion of the tire tread and the lug height of the tire tread on traction to be considered. The basic idea is very simple and straightforward. Moreover the calculation costs are very low, so the enhancement does not affect real time operation.In the second part a physical model for the central tire inflation system (CTIS) is presented. With this model it is possible to simulate the complete pneumatic system of a CTIS, including the air compressor with an accumulator, the pressure line and the wheel valves. The components are modelled by their physical parameters, so an adaptation to different existing tire-pressure-control-systems (TPC) can be made. The paper presents a short review of the modelling and a first validation using real measurements. Furthermore the influence of each parameter, e.g. the discharge flow of the compressor on the inflation time, is presented.The third part of the paper describes a further development of the visualization system. The ORSIS OpenGL graphic engine was separated from the main ORSIS simulation and can be run on different PCs controlled via a network. It is therefore possible to build up very cheap multi-channel visualization systems using consumer PCs running under LinuX. The fact that ORSIS itself is running on a normal PC allows the assembly of comparatively cheap driving simulators of a high end simulation quality.     

光学目标模拟器总体结构方案分析及关键技术

光学目标模拟器是光学成像制导仿真系统中的关键设备之一。本文在介绍圆弧导轨式和框架式两种光学目标模拟器机械结构方案的基础上，详细分析了框架式机械结构的诸多优点。最后，总结了框架式目标模拟器研制中的一些关键技术     

降雨冲刷对黄土公路边坡植物防护影响的试验研究

通过对裸露黄土公路边坡、厚层基材植草公路边坡、三维网植草公路边坡以及平台植树公路边坡的现场降雨冲刷试验,阐述了不同防护型式的公路黄土边坡在降雨条件下的坡面径流、含泥量以及坡面冲刷情况,得出了"降雨对边坡坡面的侵蚀过程,首先是从雨滴直接打击土体开始,进而引起溅蚀,分散土粒,紧接着发生超渗径流造成坡面冲刷。"以及"对坡面破坏最大的是坡顶上方来水"等重要结论。验证了坡面植物防护以及平台植树等防护方法可以有效降低降雨冲刷对坡面的侵蚀破坏,为黄土地区公路边坡植物防护的设计施工以提供了可靠的依据。     

深水多波束测深系统脉冲压缩实时算法

线性调频信号是大时宽带宽积信号,通过脉冲压缩可提高探测距离和分辨率,已在深水多波束测深系统中得到广泛应用。针对深水多波束测深系统中脉冲压缩运算量大的问题,提出了一种基于分组的脉冲压缩实时算法。该算法对需要进行脉冲压缩的波束进行分组,每个节拍只计算一组波束,可大幅减少深水多波束测深系统脉冲压缩的运算时间,节省了处理器资源。该算法已成功应用于某深水多波束测深系统,经多次海试证明,工作稳定可靠。     

弱光紫外星模拟器的研制

为了解决月基紫外深空观测相机地面定标的难题,研制了一种动态范围大、星等模拟精度高的紫外星模拟器。该模拟器采用5 m离轴光管作为准直光学系统,用双积分球系统作为均匀光源,可模拟3～16等星的弱目标,其星等最小分辨率为0.2等星,星等不确定度为5.48%。通过试验证明,该星模拟器完全满足月基紫外弱光星等深空观测相机地面定标的试验要求,不仅可以在实验室内标定紫外观测相机的探测能力和灵敏度,还可用于测试观测相机的其它参数指标,为发展深空高轨探测相机提供了地面定标基础。     

弱光紫外星模拟器的研制

为了解决月基紫外深空观测相机地面定标的难题,研制了一种动态范围大、星等模拟精度高的紫外星模拟器。该模拟器采用5 m离轴光管作为准直光学系统,用双积分球系统作为均匀光源,可模拟3～16等星的弱目标,其星等最小分辨率为0.2等星,星等不确定度为5.48%。通过试验证明,该星模拟器完全满足月基紫外弱光星等深空观测相机地面定标的试验要求,不仅可以在实验室内标定紫外观测相机的探测能力和灵敏度,还可用于测试观测相机的其它参数指标,为发展深空高轨探测相机提供了地面定标基础。     

Integrating open‐source software applications to build molecular dynamics systems

Three open‐source applications, NanoEngineer‐1, packmol, and mis2lmp are integrated using an open‐source file format to quickly create molecular dynamics (MD) cells for simulation. The three software applications collectively make up the open‐source software (OSS) suite known as MD Studio (MDS). The software is validated through software engineering practices and is verified through simulation of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a and isophorone diamine (DGEBA/IPD) system. Multiple simulations are run using the MDS software to create MD cells, and the data generated are used to calculate density, bulk modulus, and glass transition temperature of the DGEBA/IPD system. Simulation results compare well with published experimental and numerical results. The MDS software prototype confirms that OSS applications can be analyzed against real‐world research requirements and integrated to create a new capability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

实用型三谱段太阳模拟器的设计与研制

本文设计并研制了一种实用型三谱段太阳模拟器,其光谱匹配可同时调整3个谱段(300~700 nm,700~900 nm,900~1 700 nm)范围的能量,修正后可满足三结砷化镓太阳电池的测试使用要求。本文重点阐述了三谱段太阳模拟器滤光片的设计和氙灯光谱的修正及测试,介绍了太阳模拟器的光机结构。实验表明:三谱段太阳模拟器的光谱匹配满足三结砷化镓太阳电池各子电池的响应电流值。在有效辐照面150 mm×150 mm上,平均辐照度可以达到2个太阳常数(2 730 W/m²),辐照不均匀度达到±1.77%,辐照不稳定度达到±0.83%,为太阳电池自动分拣系统提供了可靠稳定的平台。     

基于DMD光谱可调的星模拟器光源光学系统设计

为满足在各种谱线分布下对星敏感器探测能力的高准确度标定,提出了一种基于数字微镜器件的光谱可调星模拟器光源光学系统设计方法,以解决星模拟器与星敏感器观星色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标准确度产生的问题.首先,根据设计指标选取Czerny-Turner型光学系统为光源光学系统,对Czerny-Turner型光学系统的彗差和象散进行分析,选取消彗差的Czerny-Turner结构;其次利用MATLAB程序求解Czerny-Turner型光学系统初始结构并应用ZEMAX对其进行优化;最后对光学系统进行公差分析.公差分析结果表明,在400~1 100nm的工作谱段范围内,光学系统的光谱分辨率小于2nm,设计结果满足要求,有效降低了光谱不匹配带来的定标误差.     

应用浮动冲击平台考核舰载设备响应分析

为研究安装甲板模拟器的浮动冲击平台系统考核舰载设备的机理,对整个系统建立有限元模型进行数值模拟并建立力学模型进行了理论分析。根据船体甲板结构产生的垂向低通滤波特性,提出甲板模拟器具有减缓高频冲击并满足设备安装频率要求的作用。将被试设备的浮动冲击平台考核系统简化为有阻尼的三自由度系统强迫振动模型,通过拉普拉斯变换方法求解了不同冲击环境下被试设备的响应。数值模拟与理论计算结果比较吻合,被试设备响应迅速达到峰值后逐渐衰减,振动频率由高频向低频过渡,在分析浮动冲击平台舰载设备考核系统长时间响应时需考虑阻尼的影响。