Electronic structures of CO adsorbed Pt-skin surface on Pt–Co and Pt–Ni alloys

By using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the electronic structures of Pt-skin layer of Pt–Co and Pt–Ni alloys with CO molecules on the surface. Measured Fermi surface maps and band dispersions reflect the signatures of chemical bonding between Pt-skin layer and CO molecules. Furthermore, the degree of chemical bonding strength of CO molecules, estimated from the energy shift of the participating bands, is found to be reduced on both Pt bimetallic alloys. Our results show how the surface band structure of Pt bimetallic alloys is modified with molecular orbitals of CO molecules on the surface, revealing the important role of the electronic structure in the determination of chemical properties of bimetallic alloys.     

基于有序介孔碳的氯离子选择性电极的制备及其在手持传感系统中的应用

以有序介孔碳(OMC)球为离子-电子转换层,制备了固态氯离子选择性电极,构建了基于离子敏感的场效应晶体管(ISFET)的手持式传感系统,用于检测人体血清中的氯离子。优化了OMC前驱体的碳化温度,探究了OMC形貌结构对电极传感性能的影响;电极柔性化制备后考察了其在手持系统中对氯离子的检测效果。结果表明,最优条件下,电极在5.12×10^-4~1.02 mol/L的浓度范围呈现线性响应,响应斜率为60 mV/decade。该柔性电极在手持传感系统中展现出高灵敏度和重现性,可用于人体血清样品中氯离子的检测,其回收率为96.3%~104.9%。     

Sandwich教学法在物理化学教学中的应用——以化学势表达式的推导为例

以化学势表达式的推导为例，探究了Sandwich教学法在物理化学教学中的应用。详细介绍了Sandwich教学法实施过程中教师如何提出问题以呈现教学目标，学生如何通过自主学习与全班交流来探究与解决问题，以及最后又如何通过总结与反馈回归教学目标。通过以学生为主体的Sandwich教学过程的实施，学生对化学势概念、热力学基本方程及状态函数法等重要的物理化学基本概念、公式及方法有了更深入的理解和掌握。Sandwich教学方法相较于传统教学模式更能激发学生学习的主动性和积极性，从而提高学生学习物理化学的兴趣与效果。     

Surface and volume non-invasive methods for the structural monitoring of the bass-relief ‘Madonna con Bambino’ (Gorizia,Northern Italy)

Abstract

Structural analysis of marble statues, carried out by non-invasive and in situ methods, is crucial to define the state of conservation of the artworks and to identify the deterioration phenomena that can affect them. In this work, we combined in situ non-destructive techniques, ultrasonic tomography (US), ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence (UV-IF) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to study the bass-relief ‘Madonna con Bambino’ (Gorizia, Italy). The US revealed the presence of some metallic pivots, associated with areas of high sound velocity; moreover, a more degraded area has been identified in the lower part of the bass-relief. The acquired UV-IF image confirmed the presence of surface degradation, allowing a preliminary evaluation of the extension of a fracture, from surface to bulk. In addition, the different materials (both original and/or integrations) that compose the studied surface have been identified. The XRF has contributed to define the nature of the inorganic materials applied during undocumented previous restoration works on the surface as filler for lacunae.     

超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真分析

为了探究超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的制备及优化工艺,利用多物理场数值计算方法,建立了超声搅拌磁流变抛光液的声场仿真模型,并进行了频域分析。研究了不同液位深度、超声变幅杆探入深度,不同功率下磁流变抛光液的声场分布。通过测量磁流变抛光液的声场强度对声场仿真进行了验证。结果表明：随着距变幅杆距离的增加,声强逐渐减弱,高声强区域主要分布在换能器轴线附近。声强在距变幅杆20mm范围内急剧衰减,变幅杆最佳探入深度为10mm,增大功率有助于空化区域的扩大。声场仿真结果与实验测量结果基本一致,对磁流变抛光液的制备提供了数值计算基础。     

超声处理对煤层气解吸效果的影响

煤岩吸附解吸性能评价对煤层气的开发十分重要。利用自行设计的煤岩吸附解吸性能评价装置,进行了CH4、CO2、N2等在煤岩中的吸附解吸性能评价。在此基础上,研究了不同参数超声波处理对煤层气解吸效果的影响,分析了超声波促进煤层气解吸的机理。研究表明,煤岩中的气体主要以吸附态和自由态存在,煤岩对不同气体吸附量从大到小依次为CO2、CH4、N2。经超声波处理后,煤层气的解吸速度可提高70%,同时煤层气的解吸量增加。解吸量增加幅度与超声波处理参数有关,随处理功率的增大,解吸量增加,增加幅度可达20%。分析认为超声波的"剥离"作用是超声波提高煤层气解吸效果的机理之一。     

碟形超声变幅杆的设计

优化超声变幅杆的形状结构可有效地提高水域声场分布和空化区域,提升对水域超声空化效果。通过模拟分析发现传统超声变幅杆在水域中具有声场分布均匀性差、变幅杆端部声压高等特征,不利于声波在水域中传播。基于此,提出并优化设计了一种具有碟形结构的变幅杆,位于变幅杆的最大振幅处的碟形结构,有更大的振动位移;模拟表明其水域声场和声压均衡度显著优于传统变幅杆,铝箔空化腐蚀实验进一步证实了其水域中的声压分布均匀性。同时,实验通过铝箔的空化腐蚀、KI剂量测定及工件表面油渍去除对比了传统变幅杆和碟形变幅杆,分析表明碟形变幅杆所在水域中有较大的空化腐蚀区域,腐蚀速率明显提升,声化学反应速率提高,油渍去除程度增强,说明了设计的碟形变幅杆能够促进空化泡的产生,增加水域空化区域。     

超声动载荷下三维随机骨料混凝土的损伤

混凝土是一种由粗骨料与水泥砂浆组成的非均质复合材料。本研究利用APDL语言程序编写三维水泥混凝土骨料随机投放程序并导入ABAQUS中,同时赋予各相材料塑性损伤本构关系来研究混凝土动态加载下的破坏规律,运用超声波在混凝土破碎中的作用机理对混凝土动态损伤破坏过程进行模拟研究。结果表明:随着超声动态载荷的增大,粗骨料体积分数为40%的混凝土始终能够承受最大应力载荷;随着超声应力波幅值增大,混凝土在动载荷下的损伤值逐渐增大,且粗骨料体积分数为40%时,其抗损伤能力最优;当粗骨料最大粒径逐渐增大,或者当粗骨料最小粒径增大,混凝土级配不合理导致性能不稳定,更易损伤破坏。     

Physical properties of Pb doped ZnS thin films prepared by ultrasonic spray technique

In the present work, high quality Pb doped ZnS thin films were deposited on glass substrates at 450°C using spray ultrasonic technique. The dependence of the structural, morphological and optical properties of the films on the lead (Pb) doping amount was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometry, and four-point method. The improvement of the obtained Pb:ZnS thin films properties were discussed as a function of Pb concentration (0.5 to 2 at.%). The average crystallite size of Pb:ZnS was found in the range of 25–37 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the films are continuous, homogeneous and dense. The UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated that all the films exhibit good transmittance (60–70%) in the visible region and their optical band gap energy ($E_{\mathrm{g}}$) changes from 3.92 to 3.6 eV. The films electrical resistivity showed an apparent dependence on Pb content.