Strong Exchange Couplings Drastically Slow Down Magnetization Relaxation in an Air‐Stable Cobalt(II)‐Radical Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM)

The energy barrier leading to magnetic bistability in molecular clusters is determined by the magnetic anisotropy of the cluster constituents. By incorporating a highly anisotropic four‐coordinate cobalt(II) building block into a strongly coupled fully air‐ and moisture‐stable three‐spin system, it proved possible to suppress under‐barrier Raman processes leading to 350‐fold increase of magnetization relaxation time and pronounced hysteresis. Relaxation times of up to 9 hours at low temperatures were found.     

Growth and characterization of two-dimensional crystals for communication and energy applications

This review article covers the growth and characterization of two-dimensional (2D) crystals of transition metal chalcogenides, h-BN, graphene, etc. The chemical vapor transport method for bulk single crystal growth is discussed in detail. Top-down methods like mechanical and liquid exfoliation and bottom-up methods like chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy for mono/few-layer growth are described. The optimal characterization techniques such as optical, atomic force, scanning electron, and Raman spectroscopy for identification of mono/few-layer(s) of the 2D crystals are discussed. In addition, a survey was done for the application of 2D crystals for both creation and deterministic transfer of single-photon sources and photovoltaic systems. Finally, the application of plasmonic nanoantenna was proposed for enhanced solar-to-electrical energy conversion and faster/brighter quantum communication devices.     

Probing Adsorption Configurations of Small Molecules on Surfaces by Single-Molecule Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Determining the adsorption configurations of organic molecules on surfaces, especially for relatively small molecules, is a key issue for understanding the microscopic physical and chemical processes in surface science. In this work, we have applied low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) technique to distinguish the configurations of small 4,4′-bipyridine (44BPY) molecules adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface. The observed Raman spectra exhibit notable differences in the spectral features which can be assigned to three different molecular orientations, each featuring a specific fingerprint pattern based on the TERS selection rule that determines the distribution of the relative intensities of different vibrational peaks. Furthermore, such a small molecule can in turn act as a local probe to provide information on the local electric field distribution at the tip apex. Our work showcases the capability of TERS technique for obtaining information on adsorption configurations of small molecules on surfaces down to the single-molecule level, which is of fundamental importance for many applications in the fields of molecular science and surface chemistry.     

基于CARS技术的超燃冲压发动机点火过程温度测量

相干anti-Stokes Raman散射（coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering，CARS）技术作为一种非接触测量手段，已广泛应用于多种发动机模型燃烧室温度测量及地面试验.然而，目前的工作主要集中在稳态燃烧场温度的测量，缺乏用高分辨率的单脉冲来测量瞬变的燃烧火焰温度及组分浓度的研究.基于CARS理论，结合多参数拟合算法，开发了基于MATLAB的CARS光谱计算和拟合程序CARSCF；利用McKenna平面火焰炉在不同工况下进行了温度测量，并与DLR测量结果进行对比，结果显示开发的CARSCF具有较高的测量重复性和准确性；最后将CARS技术应用于测量超燃冲压发动机点火过程中的温度测量，获取了点火过程中的温度.结果显示，在来流Mach数为3的条件下，H₂/air点火过程中温度呈现急剧上升然后缓慢下降，而CARS信号则呈现急剧上升然后急剧下降随后又缓慢上升的趋势，并且在点火过程中最高温度为1 511 K.      

Controllable Preparation of Plasmonic Gold Nanostars for Enhanced Photothermal and SERS Effects

Gold nanostars(Au NSs) are asymmetric anisotropic nanomaterials with sharp edge structure. As a promising branched nanomaterial, Au NS has excellent plasmonic absorption and scattering properties. In order to tune the plasmonic photothermal and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) activity of Au NSs to obtain the desired characteristics, the effects of reagents on the local surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) bands of Au NSs were studied and the morphology and size were regulated. Nanoparticles with different sharp edges were synthesized to make their local plasmon resonance mode tunable in the visible and near-infrared region. The effects of the number and sharpness of different tips under the control of AgNO₃ on the photothermal response of Au NSs and the SERS activity and their mechanism were discussed in detail. The results show that as the length of the branch tip becomes longer and the sharpness increases, the plasmonic photothermal effect of Au NSs is strengthened, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is the highest up to 40% when the length of Au NSs is the longest. Au NSs with high SERS activity are used for the Raman detection substrate. Based on this property, the quantitative detection of the pesticide thiram is achieved.     

表面增强拉曼光谱在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究

食源性致病微生物导致的食源性疾病已成为全球化的公共卫生问题。快速、有效地检测食源性致病微生物是实现食源性疾病预防与控制的关键环节，也是保障食品安全的技术关键。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有简单、快速、灵敏度高等优点，在食品安全、生物医学、环境监控等领域展现出良好的应用前景。介绍了近年来SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究进展。对SERS技术概况、SERS增强理论及SERS增强基底进行了简要介绍，重点回顾了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用和发展现状。在食品安全分析方面，利用SERS与模式识别方法相结合对食品中常见食源性致病微生物能实现快速、有效鉴别，部分研究已应用于不同食品样品的分析，体现了SERS作为“指纹图谱”的分析优势；在医学诊断方面，SERS可对病理样品(如血液、尿液等)中食源性致病微生物进行快速检测，缩短了样本分析时间，使食源性疾病的快速诊断成为可能；随着微流控技术的发展，微流控平台结合SERS技术被称为“芯片实验室”应用于食源性致病微生物的检测，可提高分析的可控性，稳定性，特异性和灵敏度。通过对比分析，发现不同研究可采用不同分离方法、不同基底、不同目标捕获方式等实现了食源性致病微生物的检测，展示了不同方法间的差异性。已有研究表明了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中应用可克服传统方法耗时等缺点，实现灵敏快速分析，为食品安全实时监控，食源性疾病即时诊断提供了有效的分析工具。同时，指出了SERS技术应用于食源性致病微生物分析依然面临很大挑战，(1)大多数研究并没有聚焦于实际样品，而标准培养液和实际样品的SERS检测存在较大差异，实际样品组分会对SERS响应产生干扰；(2)不同方法结果有较大差异，主要是由于纳米增强基底差异，吸附方式原理的差异，稳定性的差异等，因此需要更多深入研究进一步优化条件；(3)期望建立标准化的SERS方法替代传统技术，充分展示SERS作为新兴分析工具快速、灵敏、简捷的优势应用于食品安全，医学诊断等领域。将来，随着研究的深入及相关学科的发展，SERS作为极具潜力的快速分析工具，将在食品安全，生物医学等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

Resonances in bounded media: Nonlinear and boundary effects

We study the response of nonlinear wave systems in bounded domains at or near resonance. There are typically two qualitatively distinct types of response which may be observed relating to whether or not higher harmonics are themselves resonant. We introduce a variety of nonlinear model problems at or near resonance and study the subsequent response. We explain how the features of this problem such as the form of nonlinearity, boundary conditions, and the nature of spectrum play a fundamental role in the qualitative nature of the response. Numerical simulations are carried out to provide further explanation and comparison with analytic approximations. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the impact and interplay between nonlinear and boundary effects and thus in turn will contribute to providing new insights into various physically motivated problems in acoustics and other settings.     

Wide area Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy allows nondestructive analysis of materials using laser illumination. However, most Raman spectrometers can only provide good signal levels and sufficient spectral resolution, by focusing the laser to micrometer-sized spots. This equates to enormous laser intensities, which for samples with even very minor optical absorption either means destroying or damaging it by absorbing even a tiny fraction of the laser power, or it means reducing the laser intensity and hence the signal level. Furthermore, Raman signals generated above or below the focal plane are rejected in traditional Raman spectrometers. As signal levels are already extremely low in Raman spectroscopy, several schemes offer an alternative to focusing down to a diffraction-limited spot, to increase the area by up to 6 orders of magnitude, and increase the sampling depth. This review describes and compares these schemes, and estimates the typical illumination areas.