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1.
When designing programs or software for the implementation of Monte Carlo (MC) hypothesis tests, we can save computation time by using sequential stopping boundaries. Such boundaries imply stopping resampling after relatively few replications if the early replications indicate a very large or a very small p value. We study a truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) boundary and provide a tractable algorithm to implement it. We review two properties desired of any MC p value, the validity of the p value and a small resampling risk, where resampling risk is the probability that the accept/reject decision will be different than the decision from complete enumeration. We show how the algorithm can be used to calculate a valid p value and confidence intervals for any truncated SPRT boundary. We show that a class of SPRT boundaries is minimax with respect to resampling risk and recommend a truncated version of boundaries in that class by comparing their resampling risk (RR) to the RR of fixed boundaries with the same maximum resample size. We study the lack of validity of some simple estimators of p values and offer a new, simple valid p value for the recommended truncated SPRT boundary. We explore the use of these methods in a practical example and provide the MChtest R package to perform the methods.  相似文献   
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Partial LAD regression uses the L 1 norm associated with least absolute deviations (LAD) regression while retaining the same algorithmic structure of univariate partial least squares (PLS) regression. We use the bootstrap in order to assess the partial LAD regression model performance and to make comparisons to PLS regression. We use a variety of examples coming from NIR experiments as well as two sets of experimental data.  相似文献   
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两个回归参数相等性检验一直是统计界感兴趣的问题之一.在这篇文章中,四个检验统计量被用于度量两曲线的差异,在原假设下统计量的分布采用向量数据的重复抽样来逼近,并给出了—些模拟结果.  相似文献   
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超声检测中变采样问题研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
本文对超声检测中常遇到的变采样问题进行讨论,比较了两种实现方法:基于特征值的二次采样和滤波器组,并给出了二次采样算法。通过试验,对这两种方法在超声信号变采样前后时频域特性的变化做了比较分析,得出前者可以很好地保留检测中所需的特征信号,但频域特性较差;而后者有很好的频域特性,便于进行时频分析。  相似文献   
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Abstract

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are currently enjoying a surge of interest within the statistical community. The goal of this work is to formalize and support two distinct adaptive strategies that typically accelerate the convergence of an MCMC algorithm. One approach is through resampling; the other incorporates adaptive switching of the transition kernel. Support is both by analytic arguments and simulation study. Application is envisioned in low-dimensional but nontrivial problems. Two pathological illustrations are presented. Connections with reparameterization are discussed as well as possible difficulties with infinitely often adaptation.  相似文献   
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We describe and contrast several different bootstrap procedures for penalized spline smoothers. The bootstrap methods considered are variations on existing methods, developed under two different probabilistic frameworks. Under the first framework, penalized spline regression is considered as an estimation technique to find an unknown smooth function. The smooth function is represented in a high-dimensional spline basis, with spline coefficients estimated in a penalized form. Under the second framework, the unknown function is treated as a realization of a set of random spline coefficients, which are then predicted in a linear mixed model. We describe how bootstrap methods can be implemented under both frameworks, and we show theoretically and through simulations and examples that bootstrapping provides valid inference in both cases. We compare the inference obtained under both frameworks, and conclude that the latter generally produces better results than the former. The bootstrap ideas are extended to hypothesis testing, where parametric components in a model are tested against nonparametric alternatives.

Datasets and computer code are available in the online supplements.  相似文献   
8.
Stability is a major requirement to draw reliable conclusions when interpreting results from supervised statistical learning. In this article, we present a general framework for assessing and comparing the stability of results, which can be used in real-world statistical learning applications as well as in simulation and benchmark studies. We use the framework to show that stability is a property of both the algorithm and the data-generating process. In particular, we demonstrate that unstable algorithms (such as recursive partitioning) can produce stable results when the functional form of the relationship between the predictors and the response matches the algorithm. Typical uses of the framework in practical data analysis would be to compare the stability of results generated by different candidate algorithms for a dataset at hand or to assess the stability of algorithms in a benchmark study. Code to perform the stability analyses is provided in the form of an R package. Supplementary material for this article is available online.  相似文献   
9.
姚玉钦 《光谱实验室》2009,26(5):1078-1081
针对红外成像中的问题,应用正则粒子再采样算法实现红外成像消噪处理。首先依据序列重采样算法,从重要性密度函数中采样,而后进行粒子权重归一化,优化粒子克服衰竭现象,最后给出成像模型和精度函数。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。  相似文献   
10.
Thermodynamic data are suitable subject for investigating strategies and concepts for the evaluation of complete measurement uncertainty budgets in situations where the measurand cannot be expressed in a mathematical formula. Some suitable approaches are the various forms of Monte Carlo simulations in combination with computer-intensive statistical methods that are directed to an evaluation of empirical distribution curves for the uncertainty budget. Basis of the analysis is a cause-and-effect diagram. Some experience is available with cause-and-effect analysis of thermodynamic data derived from spectrophotometric data. Another important technique for the evaluation of thermodynamic data is glass-electrode potentiometry. On basis of a newly derived cause-and-effect diagram, a complete measurement uncertainty budget for the determination of the acidity constants of phosphoric acid by glass-electrode potentiometry is derived. A combination of Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods is applied in conjunction with the commercially available code SUPERQUAD. The results suggest that glass-electrode potentiometry may achieve a high within-laboratory precision because major uncertainty contributions become evident via interlaboratory comparisons. This finding is further underscored by analysing available literature data.  相似文献   
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