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1.
Metal complexes ([ML2], where M = Fe, Co, or Zn; HL = 2-[(6-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-ylidene)-hydrazono]-butyric acid, C9H13N5O3) of a Schiff base derived from α-ketobutyric acid (α-KBA) and diaminoguanidine (Damgu) were synthesized and characterized using elemental, spectral, and thermal studies. The metal complexes exhibited similar decomposition behavior, with a highly exothermic final decomposition step resulting in the formation of metal oxides. Isomorphism among the complexes was revealed using a powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique. Solid solution precursors ([Zn1/3M2/3(L)2], where M = Fe, Co) were synthesized and characterized using various physico-chemical techniques. A thermal decomposition technique was used to prepare spinel-type zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocrystalline particles with the synthesized single source precursors. Structural studies using PXRD ascertained the predominant crystal phase to be spinel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) showed a mean nanoparticle size of 18 ± 2 nm. Magnetic measurements revealed a weak magnetic behavior in the synthesized spinels. In the aqueous phase, the spinels exhibited catalytic activity, reducing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NaBH4 at room temperature. Additionally, the study demonstrated that the catalyst can be recovered and reused for five cycles with a more than 85% conversion efficiency.  相似文献   
2.
制备了3种不同质量浓度的充填体试件,进行了单轴压缩声发射试验,分析了不同浓度的充填体力学特性,重点研究了试件破坏过程中的声发射振铃计数、声发射累计撞击数与声发射累计能量的比值(r值)、主频及其相对高频信号激增响应系数特征。研究表明:随着浓度的增加,充填体的峰值强度与弹性模量呈增大趋势,充填体中出现的声发射累计振铃计数越多;r值先升高再持续减小到一个较低值,随着外载荷的增加,进入缓慢升高阶段,峰值前均保持在该阶段。充填体破裂前兆信息在声发射信号主频分布中呈现主频段增多现象,表现为由加载初期的1~2个主频段,在临界主破裂时增多到3~5个主频段;且随着浓度的增加,声发射信号主频频段分布越宽,声发射相对高频信号(160~180 kHz)的激增响应系数呈递减趋势。以上特征可为不同浓度的尾砂胶结充填体稳定性监测、预测提供依据。  相似文献   
3.
A Riemann surface of a dispersion diagram of a multilayer planar waveguide is studied. Structure of this surface is linked with the transient wave phenomena in the waveguide. A method is proposed to study the dispersion diagram. The method is constituted in introducing of an artificial parameter controlling the links between the layers of the waveguide. The strength of the links varies from the full isolation to the realistic physical contact. The dependence of the solution on the artificial parameter is analytical. Using this approach it is proven that the branch points of the Riemann surface can be listed as the crossing points of the branches of non-interacting layers. A numerical procedure of finding the branch points positions is described. An explanation of the types of waves corresponding to different parts of the Riemann surface of the dispersion diagram is given.  相似文献   
4.
《中国化学快报》2020,31(4):1039-1043
Ti3C2Tx, a most studied member of MXene family, shows promise as a candidate electrode for pseudocapacitor due to its electronic conductivity and hydrophilic surface. However, the unsatisfactory yield of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes significantly restricted it in real applications. Here, we proposed a simple solution to boost the yield of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes by decreasing precursor size. When using the small 500 mesh Ti3AlC2 powders as raw material, high yield of 65% was successfully achieved. Moreover, the as-received small flakes also exhibit an enhanced pseudocapacior performance owing to their excellent electrical conductivity, expanded interlayer space and more O content on the surface. This work not only sheds light on the cost effective mass production of Ti3C2Tx few-layer flakes, but also provides an efficient solution for the design of MXene electrodes with high pseudocapacior performance.  相似文献   
5.
燃料电池中贵金属铂的大量使用是阻碍其发展的关键因素,亟需探索高效廉价的替代型电催化剂.在目前的替代型非贵金属催化剂研究中,氮杂炭材料是一类氧还原反应催化活性最好、成本最低廉的催化剂,被认为是最有可能取代Pt催化剂而获得实际应用的催化剂.氮杂有序介孔炭材料因具有极高的比表面积和规整的孔道结构,可实现活性位点的密集组装与反应物料的快速传输,受到研究者的广泛关注.本文分别以苯胺、吡咯和邻菲罗啉为含氮前驱体,介孔分子筛SBA-15为硬模板,采用纳米浇铸法成功制备了具有高比表面积的氮杂有序介孔炭材料,系统研究了不同含氮前驱体对氮杂有序介孔炭材料的影响.采用氮气吸附-脱附等温线、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了氮杂有序介孔炭的组成与结构,采用循环伏安法(CV)以及线性扫描伏安法(LSV)等手段考察了其电化学行为与氧还原反应极化性能.氮气吸附-脱附等温线结果表明,采用三种不同含氮前驱体制备的氮杂炭材料都对应Ⅳ型吸脱附等温线以及H4型滞后环,表明所制备的氮杂炭材料具有介孔结构.由TEM可以清楚地观察到氮杂炭材料已经成功地反转了SBA-15模板的孔道结构.同时发现,含氮前驱体对氮杂炭材料的比表面积和孔结构产生较大影响:以吡咯和邻菲罗啉为前驱体制备的炭材料C-PY-900和C-Phen-900的比表面积较高,分别为765和746 m2/g,而以苯胺为前驱体制备的炭材料C-PA-900比表面积较小(569 m2/g);三种炭材料平均孔径大小顺序为C-Phen-900 (3.7 nm)< C-PY-900 (5.0 nm)< C-PA-900 (5.9 nm),这是由于不同含氮前驱体在高温焙烧过程中热分解行为不同所致.XRD结果发现,含氮前驱体对氮杂炭材料的晶型基本没有影响,均为无定形碳.XPS结果表明,采用苯胺、吡咯以及林菲啰啉为前驱体制备的氮杂炭材料中氮含量基本相同,分别为3.13 at%,3.32 at%和3.33 at%,说明在相同热解条件下材料中的氮含量基本不受前驱体的影响,但不同配位环境的氮含量以及氮活化碳原子的含量却有较大差异,其氮活化碳原子的相对含量分别为15.60%,19.87%和23.04%.电化学测试结果表明,三种氮杂介孔炭材料的氧还原反应电催化活性顺序为C-PA-900<C-PY-900<C-Phen-900,其H2O2产率低于30%,说明氧还原反应经历4电子转移路径.在碱性条件下,所制氮杂有序介孔炭材料C-PY-900和C-Phen-900表现出较商品Pt/C催化剂更加优异的氧还原反应电催化性能.综上可见,通过改变含氮前驱体的类型可以有效调变氮杂炭材料的比表面积、孔道结构以及N 1s与C 1s化学态,从而调控氧还原反应活性,本文不仅制备出高活性的非贵金属氧还原电催化剂,同时也为高活性炭基电催化剂的可控制备提供了思路.  相似文献   
6.
王利平  王宇飞*  刘艳丽 《化学通报》2017,80(5):487-492,481
由配合物作前驱体(简称:前驱体配合物)来制备子代配合物是配合物定向合成的有效方法之一。与一般的有机配体相比,前驱体配合物拥有特定的、相对稳定的结构骨架,并且在一定的反应条件下能够与有机配体之间进行定向自组装,形成具有预期结构的配合物,同时还能把自己的结构特征"遗传"给子代配合物。本论文选择一个一维长链铜配合物{[Cu(bbbm)(CH_3COO)_2]·(CH_3OH)_2}n(Q)[bbbm=1,1’-(1,4-丁基)-二-(1-H-苯并咪唑)]作为前驱体配合物,通过小分子配体的取代、加成反应获得了一个新的子代配合物[Cu(bbbm)(N_3)_2(Py)]n(1)。单晶衍射分析结果显示子代配合物(1)"遗传"了前驱体配合物(Q)的一维长链结构。我们还进一步研究了反应前后配合物的配位方式、bbbm配体构象变化及其催化性能变化。  相似文献   
7.
Signal losses due to precursor ion isolation in a quadrupole-ion-trap mass spectrometer were studied using selected pesticides as model compounds. These signal losses originate from isolations of ion populations employing the broadband isolation (bbiso) waveform used in the Varian quadrupole ion-trap precursor ion isolation protocol. Signal losses were found to be ‘precursor ion structure’ dependent upon isolation using the bbiso. The effect of the bbiso waveform on the ionic structure and nature of substituents on the precursor ion was investigated. Isolation of old electron radical molecular ions of the type [M+?] showed remarkable signal losses compared with isolation of fragment ions derived from the same compounds. The impact of the bbiso waveform on the response of the instrument using mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and the bbiso waveform was also examined. The response of the instrument as related to the calculated Instrument Detection Limits was observed to parallel ion population losses.  相似文献   
8.
Solvent-modified (toluene) copolymers have been prepared from styrene cross-linked with commercial divinylbenzene, m-divinylbenzene, and p-divinylbenzene at divinyl monomer contents of 16 mole % and 32 mole % at FM = 0.50. The resultant copolymers have been characterized by swelling-ratio determinations and rates of sulfonation at 60 and 80°C. The solvent-modified 16 mole % cross-linked copolymers sulfonated at rates slightly greater than those characterizing the 8 mole % cross-linked copolymers prepared in the absence of diluent. The order of decreasing sulfonation rates for both the conventional 8 mole % cross-linked systems and for the solvent-modified 16 mole % cross-linked copolymers is commercial divinylbenzene/styrene, p-divinylbenzene/styrene, m-divinylbenzene styrene. The 32 mole % cross-linked systems exhibit a different order of decreasing sulfonation rates: commercial divinylbenzene/styrene, m-divinylbenzene/styrene, p-divinylbenzene/styrene. The swelling ratios of the 32 mole % solvent-modified copolymers were comparable to those of the conventional 8 mole % cross-linked systems.  相似文献   
9.
Details of the reactive processes by which TiC and TiN microclusters are formed from precursor molecules in the gas phase are not clearly understood. We have performed ab initio calculations based on density functional theory methods in order to get some insight into the chemical reactions of precursor molecules. Using microcanonical molecular-dynamics we have simulated scattering processes between molecules consisting of the elements Ti, Cl, N and H. The simulations show that fluctuations of the kinetic energy can be large enough to break up bonds at moderate temperatures.  相似文献   
10.
目前全球制备碳纤维主要以聚丙烯腈(PAN)或沥青为原丝,但是这类碳纤维制备成本高,限制了其自动化工业领域的大规模应用。木质素由于具有较高的含碳量和碳化收率高,其可以作为前驱体来制备碳纤维。作为一种新型材料,木质素基碳纤维因其具有价格低廉、环保、原料丰富、可实现废弃资源再生利用等优点而备受关注。本文详细介绍了木质素的分类及结构特征,阐述了不同纺丝方法制备的碳纤维的力学性能,并对其未来发展进行展望。  相似文献   
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