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1.
The present work addresses the correlation of bisphenol A (BPA) degradation by hydrodynamic cavitation with the fluid mechanical properties of the cavitating jet in the reactor. The effects of inlet pressure and two orifices were investigated. The fluid mechanics conditions during the reaction were evaluated by optical measurements to determine the jet length, bubble volume, number of bubbles, and bubble size distribution. In addition, chemiluminescence of luminol is used to localize chemically active bubbles due to the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the reactor chamber. The correlation between the rate constants of BPA degradation and the mechanical properties of the liquid is discussed. Here, linear dependencies between the degradation of BPA and the volume expansion of the bubble volume and chemiluminescence are found, allowing prediction of the rate constants and the hydroxyl radicals generated. BPA degradation of 50% was achieved in 30 min with the 1.7 mm nozzle at 25 bar. However, the 1 mm nozzle has been demonstrated to be more energetically efficient, achieving 10% degradation with 30% less power per 100 passes. There is a tendency for the number of small bubbles in the reactor to increase with smaller nozzle and increasing pressure difference. 相似文献
2.
提出了一种光纤折射率分布的测量方法,采用白光扫描干涉技术,并在参考镜上构造与光纤样品相同的结构来克服白光相干长度短的限制,优化了光路,提高了干涉条纹间的对比度。采用与白光干涉信号的包络线呈高斯分布的Morlet小波作为小波变换的母小波进行拟合处理,得到光纤与已知折射率的匹配液之间的相对高度。通过计算获得光纤的折射率分布,并对获得的数据采用光纤折射率分布的经典函数进行拟合,得到多模光纤和单模光纤的决定系数分别为0.997 2和0.996 4。最后将实验获得的结果与官方参数进行比较,误差为0.01%,表明该种方法测量的精度较高,完全可以用来测量光纤的折射率。 相似文献
3.
We investigate the average coherence with respect to a complete set of complementary measurements.By using a Wigner-Yanase skew information-based coherence measure introduced in Luo and Sun(2017 Phys.Rev.A 96,022130),we evaluate the average coherence of a state with respect to any complete set of mutually unbiased measurements and general symmetric informationally complete measurements,respectively.We also establish analytically the relations among these average coherences. 相似文献
4.
Based upon the new designed helical resonator, the resonant radio frequency (RF) for trapping ions can be consecutively adjusted in a large range (about 12 MHz to 29 MHz) with high Q-factors (above 300). We analyze the helical resonator with a lumped element circuit model and find that the theoretical results fit well with the experimental data. With our resonator system, the resonant frequency near magic RF frequency (where the scalar Stark shift and the second-order Doppler shift due to excess micromotion cancel each other) can be continuously changed at kHz level. For 88Sr+ ion, compared to earlier results, the measurement accuracy of magic RF frequency can be improved by an order of magnitude upon rough calculation, and therefore the net micromotion frequency shifts can be further reduced. Also, the differential static scalar polarizability Δα0 of clock transition can be experimentally measured more accurately. 相似文献
5.
Shuang Wang 《中国物理 B》2022,31(12):128702-128702
Physical biology is an interdisciplinary field that bridges biology with physical sciences and engineering. Single-molecule physical biology focuses on dynamics of individual biomolecules and complexes, aiming to answering basic questions about their functions and mechanisms. It takes advantages of physical methodologies to gain quantitative understanding of biological processes, often engaging precise physical measurements of reconstructed objects to avoid interference from unnecessary complications. In this review, we (i) briefly introduce concepts of single-molecule physical biology, (ii) describe extensively used single-molecule methodologies that have been developed to address key questions in two important objects of single-molecule physical biology, namely, nucleic acid-interacting proteins and membrane-interacting proteins, and (iii) show by a few successful examples how one may use single-molecule methods to deepen our understanding of protein machines. 相似文献
6.
Florio M. Ciaglia Fabio Di Cosmo Alberto Ibort Giuseppe Marmo 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,22(11)
The evolution of states of the composition of classical and quantum systems in the groupoid formalism for physical theories introduced recently is discussed. It is shown that the notion of a classical system, in the sense of Birkhoff and von Neumann, is equivalent, in the case of systems with a countable number of outputs, to a totally disconnected groupoid with Abelian von Neumann algebra. The impossibility of evolving a separable state of a composite system made up of a classical and a quantum one into an entangled state by means of a unitary evolution is proven in accordance with Raggio’s theorem, which is extended to include a new family of separable states corresponding to the composition of a system with a totally disconnected space of outcomes and a quantum one. 相似文献
7.
Victor B. Tinti Debora Marani Andre S. Ferlauto Fabio C. Fonseca Vincenzo Esposito Daniel Z. de Florio 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2020,37(2):1900472
A fast and accurate experimental method is demonstrated to assess the fraction of exsolved metallic nanoparticles using magnetic measurements. As a benchmark, nanometric metallic nickel exsolved from (La1−xSrx)(Cr1−yNiy)O3−δ is used for its high relevance as a solid oxide fuel cell component. The method is based on the difference in the magnetic response of the exsolved metallic nickel (ferromagnetic) and Sr-doped lanthanum chromite ceramic matrix (paramagnetic). The exsolved nickel results in coherent nanoparticles pinned on the surface of the Sr-doped lanthanum chromite ceramic matrix, as evidenced by electron microscopy analyses. The results obtained indicate the procedure as a fast and sensitive method to study the exsolution of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. 相似文献
8.
9.
Polina Kapitanova Esmaeel Zanganeh Nikita Pavlov Mingzhao Song Pavel Belov Andrey Evlyukhin Andrey Miroshnichenko 《Annalen der Physik》2020,532(12):2000293
The existence of non-radiating electromagnetic sources attracts much attention in photonic community and gives rise to extensive discussions of various applications in lasing, medical imaging, sensing, and nonlinear optics. In this article, the existence of magnetic anapole states (or magnetic-type non-radiating sources) characterized by a suppressed magnetic dipole radiation in a dielectric cylindrical particle is theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated. The specific features of the magnetic anapole state under ideal conditions are identified, followed by a demonstration of how their existence can be detected in practical structures. The concept is valid in various frequency bands from visible range for nanoparticles to microwave range for millimeter size objects. The experimental study is performed in microwave frequency range which allows not only to measure the far-field (scattered field) characteristics, but also to probe the peculiar field profile directly inside the dielectric particle. The experimental results agree well with the analytical ones and pave the way to detect and identify nontrivial different-type anapole states. 相似文献
10.
The present review paper focuses on direct measurements of oscillatory forces. Beside the surface forces apparatus (SFA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as the most commonly used technique to measure surface forces. Recent instrumental advances of both methods are highlighted in the review. Different systems, showing oscillatory forces are classified. Principle distinction is made between 1-component liquids (water, organic liquids and liquid crystals), pseudo 1-component liquids (ionic liquids and microemulsions) and 2-component liquids (dispersions containing polyelectrolytes, micelles or nanoparticles). In the last few years, the oscillatory force studies address particle characterisation, synergistic effects in multicomponent systems, the introduction of ‘switchable’ forces, and resolving liquid properties under confinement. Last but not least, the ability of AFM and SFA to measure oscillatory forces is discussed. 相似文献