Few-Layer Fullerene Network for Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting into H2 and H2O2

A few-layer fullerene network possesses several advantageous characteristics, including a large surface area, abundant active sites, high charge mobility, and an appropriate band gap and band edge for solar water splitting. Herein, we report for the first time that the few-layer fullerene network shows interesting photocatalytic performance in pure water splitting into H₂ and H₂O₂ in the absence of any sacrificial reagents. Under optimal conditions, the H₂ and H₂O₂ evolution rates can reach 91 and 116 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively, with good stability. This work demonstrates the novel application of the few-layer fullerene network in the field of energy conversion.     

Facile Synthesis of Bi2MoO6 Nanosheets@Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Graphene Composites for Sodium-ion Batteries

Recently,sodium-ion batteries gradually become the promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of cost considerations.In this work,a kind of Bi2MoO6 nanosheets@N,S codoped graphene composite is designed and fabricated for sodium storage applications.Detailed characterizations are employed to investigate its morphology,structure and chemical compositions.When evaluated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries,the as-prepared composite is able to display a specific capacity of 254 mA·h/g after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A/g,and 186 mA·h/g at 1.6 A/g during the rate capability test.As a result,the further morphology and structure optimization is still required for high performance sodium-ion batteries.     

低维Bi2Fe4O9晶体的控制生长及其光催化性能研究

Low-dimensional Bi₂Fe₄O₉ nanosheets and microrods have been selectively prepared by a solvothermal method, from which the growth of the Bi₂Fe₄O₉ crystals can be controlled by the variation of reaction conditions. Structure determination showed that the nanosheets are mainly exposed by {001} facets while the microrods are exposed by {110} facets. Ab- sorption spectra revealed that there are two bandgaps observed for both nanosheets (at 1.9 and 1.55 eV) and microrods (1.7 and 1.45 eV), and they both would be available for the sunlight photocatalysis e ciently due to the intensive absorption ability in a wide region. Photocatalytic investigation demonstrated that the overall photocatalytic performance of the microrods is prior to that of the nanosheets due to the variation of bandgaps and exposed facets. The present report provides a useful alternative strategy for the controlling growth of nanostructures and/or microcrystals besides the present demonstration of the Bi₂Fe₄O₉ crystals with diflerent bandgaps and facets that would be able to tune the corresponding photocatalytic ability selectively.     

二维纳米片层孔洞化策略及组装材料在超级电容器中的应用

功率密度高、倍率性能优异和循环性能好等特性使得超级电容器在储能领域显示了巨大的应用前景。尽管二维层状材料剥离形成的纳米片层不仅可为电化学反应提供独特的纳米级反应空间,而且由其组装的层状纳米电极材料具有化学和结构上的氧化还原可逆性及纳米片层水平方向上离子或电子快速传输通道。但是,纳米片层组装电极材料在纳米片层垂直方向上离子或电子传输存在障碍,对于超级电容器功率密度和能量密度的提高及实现快速能量储存非常不利。因此,如何通过改善离子或电子的快速传输,实现超级电容器大功率密度下的高能量密度是超级电容器电极材料发展的方向之一。本文主要综述了二维层状材料剥离成纳米片层,纳米片层孔洞化策略及组装孔洞化材料在超级电容器电极材料中的应用。纳米层孔洞化技术是改善层状电极材料在纳米片层垂直方向离子或电子传输的有效手段,为实现高比电容下的高倍率性能超级电容器电极材料制备提供了方法学。最后,对开发大功率密度下的高能量密度超级电容器电极材料提出了展望。     

铂修饰的{001}面暴露的二氧化钛纳米片阵列的制备和光催化性能

采用有机溶剂热法在FTO衬底上制备{001}面暴露的单晶锐钛矿相TiO2纳米片阵列,通过FESEM和XRD研究样品的形貌和晶体结构. 与水热法制备的纳米片阵列相比,有机溶剂热法制备的样品取向性更好. 采用光沉积方法在纳米片阵列上沉积Pt,所得到的Pt纳米颗粒粒径更为均匀,并且更容易沉积在{001}面上. 所负载的Pt 纳米颗粒增强了TiO2纳米片的光吸收性能,同时大大减弱了光致发光强度. 在光催化性能测试中,具有最优负载量的样品催化性能提高了一倍. 与传统的Pt负载相比,{001}面的最优负载量显得相当小,这可能源于高活性{001}面的原子结构.     

Co3O4纳米片的制备及对H2O2电还原反应的催化性能简

通过恒电势电沉积和加热处理在泡沫镍基体上制备了Co3O4纳米片. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对纳米片的形貌和结构进行了表征. 采用线性伏安扫描和计时电流技术研究了Co3O4纳米片电极对H2O2的电还原性能. 结果表明,在3.0 mol/L KOH 和 0.4 mol/L H2O2溶液中,当电压为-0.4 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)时,线性伏安扫描电流密度达到-0.386 A/cm2,在1000 s 测试时间内,计时电流密度衰减很小,表明Co3O4纳米片电极对H2O2具有很高的活性和稳定性.     

CuInS2纳米纸阵列薄膜的制备及生长机理

采用溶剂热合成技术,以氯化铜、硝酸铟和硫脲为反应物,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为阳离子表面活性剂,草酸为还原剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,直接在掺氟的SnO2透明导电玻璃(FTO)衬底上合成CuInS2(CIS)薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、能量色散谱(EDS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)反射光谱和透射光谱对样品的形貌、结构、成分和光学性能进行分析.结果表明,在适当的反应物浓度下,在FTO衬底上形成了垂直衬底生长的、具有良好结晶性能的黄铜矿结构的CIS纳米纸阵列薄膜.CIS薄膜中Cu,In,S的原子比为1.1∶1∶2.09,在紫外-可见和近红外波段具有良好的光吸收特性,禁带宽度约1.51 eV.结合不同反应时间制备的CIS薄膜的形貌、结构和成分分析,讨论了CIS纳米纸阵列薄膜的生长机理.     

纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯

在合成系列硅铝比纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛的基础上,研究了纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯(MTP)的反应性能.在固定床微反装置上详细考察了工艺条件对纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时与纳米HZSM-5分子筛对MTP反应的催化性能进行了比较.结果表明,纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的目的产物选择性和较长的催化寿命.在适宜硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=213)和反应条件下(温度470°C,甲醇质量空速为3 h-1),丙烯的选择性达到46.7%,三烯(乙烯、丙烯和C4烯烃)选择性达到78.7%.其中,丙烯/乙烯的质量比可达到6.5,是纳米HZSM-5分子筛的2倍,而芳烃的选择性比纳米分子筛明显降低.这是因为纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛比纳米HZSM-5分子筛具有较宽的(010)晶面、较大的外比表面积和介孔孔容.     

基于自组装溶胶凝胶法无机Janus纳米片的制备及其乳化性能研究

论文首先采用水解苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物为乳化剂,正硅酸乙酯、亲油性硅烷偶联剂和亲水性硅烷偶联剂三种前驱体溶于石蜡做为油相(分散相),水为连续相,乳化分散后通过溶胶凝胶法,制备得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的核壳实心微球;然后超声清洗除去石蜡后得到了表面亲水/内部亲油的二氧化硅空心球,将其破碎后即得到了无机Janus纳米片。实验过程中分别考察了前驱体浓度、烷偶联剂种类、破碎方式对纳米片形成的影响以及油相种类、乳化时间、纳米片加量和油水比对纳米片乳化性能的影响。实验结果表明:制备过程中建议三种前驱体在油相中总浓度为30 wt%,亲油性硅烷偶联剂和亲水性硅烷偶联剂分别为十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷和N-(β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基)甲基二甲氧基硅烷,破碎工具为粉碎机;乳化性能评价时Janus纳米片对柴油形成O/W乳液的乳化性能最好。     

Self-assembled Nanosheets of Perylene Monoamide Derivative as Sensitive Fluorescent Biosensor for Exonuclease III Activity

Enzymes containing 3'→5' exonuclease activities play an important role in various key cellular and physiological processes. The development of fluorescence biosensor is an efficient method to detecting enzyme activity. Herein, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) "on" and "off" strategy for detecting exonuclease III(Exo III) activity has been developed. We report here that the double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) enables to bind tightly to self-assembled nanosheets of cationic perylene monoimide derivative(PMI-O7) through electrostatic interaction, and the 6-carboxyfluorescein(FAM)-modified dsDNA could be efficiently quenched via FRET between FAM and PMI-O7. Upon the addition of Exo III, the dsDNA will be digested and the FAM fluorophore will be released, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of FAM. This method provides a simple and sensitive biosensor platform with a low detection limit of 0.077 U/mL for Exo III. Importantly, this method exhibits similar and calibration curves for the detection of Exo III in both buffer and fetal bovine serum samples, indicating that this platform has potential to detect Exo III activity in complex samples.