Targeted Synthesis of Ultrastable High‐Silica RHO Zeolite Through Alkali Metal–Crown Ether Interaction

High‐silica RHO zeolite was directly synthesized using an alkali metal‐crown ether (AMCE) complex as organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). Derived from the UV‐vis spectra and zeolite patterns, the crown ether‐cesium cation interaction was found to have crucial effect on the enhancement of silica content within the zeolite framework. The synthesized RHO zeolites possess up to four times larger silica/alumina ratio (SAR) values than that in their conventional form, which gives them extraordinarily rigid frameworks even after hydrothermal aging under 800 °C. Compared to commercial zeolites, copper‐exchanged high‐silica RHO zeolites demonstrate considerably high reaction activity in NO_X removal, making them promising candidates for diesel exhaust treatment.     

SO2 Resisting Pd-doped Pr1-xCexMnO3 Perovskites for Efficient Denitration at Low Temperature

H₂-SCR is served as the promising technology for the controlling of NO_x emission, and the Pd-based derivative catalyst exhibited high NO_x reduction performance. Effectively regulating the electronic configuration of the active component is favorable to the rational optimization of noble Pd. In this work, a series of Pr_1-xCe_xMn_1-yPd_yO₃@Ni were successfully synthesized and exhibited superior NO conversion efficiency at low temperatures. 92.7 % conversion efficiency was achieved at 200 °C over Pr_0.9Ce_0.1Mn_0.9Pd_0.1O₃@Ni in the presence of 4 % O₂ with a GHSV of 32000 h⁻¹. Meanwhile, the outstanding performance was obtained in the resistance to SO₂ (200 ppm) and H₂O (8 %). Deduced from the results of XRD, Raman, XPS, and H₂-TPR, the modification of d orbit states in palladium was confirmed originating from the incorporation in the B site of Pr_0.9Ce_0.1Mn_0.9Pd_0.1O₃. The existence of higher valence (Pd³⁺ and Pd⁴⁺) than the bivalence in Pr_0.9Ce_0.1Mn_0.9Pd_0.1O₃ catalyst was evidenced by XPS analysis. Our research provides a new sight into the H₂-SCR through the higher utilization of Pd.     

K/LiCoO2的制备及其同时催化去除碳烟和NOx的性能研究

采用溶液燃烧法和浸渍法制备了铜铁矿结构的钴酸锂(LiCoO2)及其负载K的系列催化剂样品,并通过XRD、NOx-TPD、H2-TPR、程序升温反应等对其进行了结构表征与性能评价.结果表明LiCoO2是一种能有效同时去除碳烟(PM)和NOx的催化剂;K负载可提高其催化活性,其中10%K/LiCoO2具有最低的PM起燃温度(246℃)和最大NOx→N2转化率(35.9%);催化剂表面生成的O2-/O-活性氧物种以及较强的NOx吸附存储能力可能是K/LiCoO2催化活性提高的原因.     

铁铈复合氧化物催化剂SCR脱硝的改性研究

利用共沉淀法制备了铁铈催化剂,考察添加钛、锆、钨和钼对其SCR脱硝的改性规律。结果表明,钨和钼的添加提高了铁铈催化剂高温脱硝性能,却使其低温活性有所降低;钛的添加对铁铈催化剂脱硝性能具有促进作用,尤其提高了其低温活性,并拓宽了其完全转化温度窗口,为最佳改性物。当钛的物质的量比逐渐由0.10增至0.40,铁铈钛催化剂低温脱硝效率先增大后减小,但其高温脱硝效率逐渐增大至100%,钛的最佳物质的量比为0.15。XRD和N₂吸附分析结果表明,钛能优化铁铈催化剂的孔隙结构,增大其比表面积和比孔容,细化其孔径,并与催化剂中铁、铈氧化物形成良好的固溶体,从而提高了铁铈催化剂的SCR脱硝性能。Fe_0.8Ce_0.05Ti_0.15O_z催化剂在150～400℃取得了高于90%的NO_x转化率。     

高浓度氮氧化物含量测定方法研究

对GB/T 13906- 1992《空气质量氮氧化物的测定》中的中和滴定法与《空气和废水监测方法》(第4版)、《污染源统一监测方法》(废气部分)中的分光光度法进行比较并进行改进,通过试验,研究了高浓度氮氧化物含量的测定方法,为企业解决硝烟污染问题提供理论依据.     

菱沸石在柴油车尾气NOx催化净化中的应用

柴油车尾气NO_x控制是目前大气污染控制领域的重要研究内容,对改善城市大气污染现状有着极其重要的作用。NH₃选择性催化还原NO_x（NH₃-SCR）是应用于该领域的主流技术之一。近年来,以具有菱沸石（chabazite,CHA）结构的分子筛为载体负载Cu制备的Cu-CHA（Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SAPO-34）系列催化剂,因其优秀的NH₃-SCR活性和良好的水热稳定性,成为学者们关注的热点。本文首先从制备方法及反应条件对Cu-CHA催化性能的影响和NH₃-SCR反应机理这几个方面系统阐述Cu基菱沸石在柴油车尾气NO_x催化净化领域的研究进展;然后总结了负载其他过渡金属和稀土金属制备的M-CHA分子筛催化剂在NH₃-SCR反应中的应用,指出双活性中心菱沸石催化剂在NH₃-SCR领域表现出的优势;在此基础上对菱沸石NH₃-SCR催化剂的进一步改良做出展望。     

Development of a wide range-operable,rich-lean low-NOx combustor for NH3 fuel gas-turbine power generation

Low-NOx NH₃-air combustion power generation technology was developed by using a 50-kWe class micro gas-turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan, for the first time. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and two-stage combustion with equivalence ratio control, we developed a low-NOx NH₃-air non-premixed combustor for the gas-turbine system. Considering a previously performed numerical analysis, which proved that the NO reduction level depends on the equivalence ratio of the primary combustion zone in a NH₃-air swirl burner, an experimental study using a combustor test rig was carried out. Results showed that eliminating air flow through primary dilution holes moves the point of the lowest NO emissions to the lesser fuel flow rate. Based on findings derived by using a test rig, a rich-lean low NOx combustor was newly manufactured for actual gas-turbine operations. As a result, the NH₃ single fueled low-NOx combustion gas-turbine power generation using the rich-lean combustion concept succeeded over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., below 10–40 kWe and 75,000–80,000?rpm, respectively. The NO emissions were reduced to 337?ppm (16% O₂), which was about one-third of that of the base system. Simultaneously, unburnt NH₃ was reduced significantly, especially at the low electrical power output, which was indicative of the wider operating range with high combustion efficiency. In addition, N₂O emissions, which have a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 298, were reduced significantly, thus demonstrating the potential of NH₃ gas-turbine power generation with low environmental impacts.     

BaAl2O4催化同时去除NOx和碳烟的性能研究

BaAl2O4催化同时去除碳烟和NOx具有较高的活性.与非催化燃烧比,在BaAl2O4催化作用下,碳烟的起燃温度(tig)降低了175℃以上,最大燃烧温度(tm)降低了240℃以上.碳烟与BaAl204紧密接触、反应气体中O2含量越高、反应气体的总流量越低越有利于催化反应进行.通过漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)分析,证实了以单齿硝酸盐、离子硝酸盐和桥位硝酸盐的形式存在于BaAl2O4表面的NO2(ad)物种与碳烟的反应在同时去除碳烟和NOx的过程中起主要作用.     

铜负载量对LNT催化剂CuO-K2CO3/TiO2结构与性能的影响

采用连续浸渍法制备了一系列非贵金属稀燃NO_x阱(LNT)催化剂CuO-K₂CO₃/TiO₂,考察了Cu负载量对催化剂结构和NO_x储存还原性能的影响.发现8% (w) CuO-K₂CO₃/TiO₂催化剂的催化性能最佳,其对NO_x的储存量达到1.559 mmol·g^-1,对NO_x的还原效率高达99%,且在NO_x还原过程中无副产物N₂O产生.应用粉末X射线衍射(XRD),高分辩透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM), CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD),扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS),氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和原位漫反射红外光谱(in-situ DRIFTS)等技术详细表征了催化剂的结构.结果表明,不同Cu负载量的催化剂中,铜物种均主要以CuO相存在.铜的负载量直接影响铜物种、钾物种的存在状态,高分散的CuO相与表面K₂CO₃之间存在较强相互作用,这种相互作用不仅有利于NO_x的储存,而且有利于增强催化剂的稳定性. in-situ DRIFTS结果表明, NO_x储存过程中产生的两个负峰(1436和1563 cm^-1)缘于碳酸盐的分解,这间接证明了碳酸盐作为储存介质参与到NO_x储存反应中. EXAFS结果表明,经过15个稀燃/富燃循环测试,催化剂中的CuO相仍保持稳定.基于以上表征结果,提出了CuO和K₂CO₃在催化剂表面的分布模型,并探讨了NO_x储存还原的可能机理.