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1.
The process of the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the method of galvanic replacement (GR) of Ag+ with aluminum powder in sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) solutions in the ultrasonic (US) field has been studied. It was observed, that the yellow colloidal solutions of stabilized AgNPs with the absorption maximum at ∼ 410 nm were obtained under the application of US power by 20 W and frequency by 20 kHz in the wide range of AgNO3 and NaPA concentrations (0.1 – 0.5 mM and 0.5 – 5.0 g/L respectively) at 25 0C. It was shown, that the GR process under US field occurs without of the significant induction period. Using the UV–vis spectroscopy the kinetics of AgNPs formation has been studied and it was observed the first order kinetics with respect to Ag+ ions both for the nucleation and growth processes. It was found that observable rate constants of nucleation are close for the all experimental conditions but the observable rate constants of growth decreased with increasing of initial concentration of AgNO3. Based on the obtained kinetic data it was proposed a mechanism of the formation of AgNPs consisted of the following two main stages: 1) the nucleation with the formation of primary nanoclusters (AgNCs) on aluminum surface followed by their ablation from the surface of the sacrificial metal by ultrasound into bulk of solution; 2) the transformation of AgNCs in AgNPs via growth from the Al surface and / or agglomeration of AgNCs. Using TEM it was found that the size of obtained AgNPs does not exceed of 25 nm and slightly depends on the initial concentrations of precursors. High antimicrobial activity of obtained colloidal solutions against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as against fungi was observed.  相似文献   
2.
ortho-Alkynylarylketone derivatives were employed as key precursors for a one-pot synthesis of arylnaphthalenelactone and furanonaphthol libraries. In this work, we discovered a cost-effective protocol to prepare arylnaphthalenelactones in one-pot using inexpensive starting material, malonate ester, which was conveniently functionalized leading to a variety of structures. Moreover, we also found an unexpected oxy-dearylation reaction which could be used to synthesize furanonaphthol analogs. These novel methods could be applied to a broad range of substrates to give the corresponding products in up to 83% yield. Notably, these classes of compounds exhibited more significant inhibition against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme than a standard compound, ursolic acid.  相似文献   
3.
Having shown promising performance with high flexibility and efficiency in vehicular edge computing (VEC) network, the parked vehicles (PVs) received an increasing number of attentions in recent years. However, PVs’ residual battery power restricts their running time. In addition, there is still no alternate resource pool for the PVs to cope with the emergencies in the previous VEC framework. To alleviate these problems, we model a cloud-assisted parked vehicular edge computing (PVEC) framework, in which the PVs are classified based on their residual battery power. PVs corporate with the cloud servers (CSs) for the computational resources provision. In addition, we formulate the utilities of the service provider (SP) and PVs and design a contract-based resource allocation problem for the maximization of the SP’s utility. Considering that it is intractable to solve the optimization problem directly, the primal problem is simplified and decoupled into two sub-problems. To design the optimal contracts, we solve the sub-problems by Lagrangian multiplier method and dual function. Simulation results prove that the utilities of PVs can reach to the maximum when they choose the contract corresponding to their types. In addition, the simulation results illustrate the superiority of proposed scheme over previous schemes in improving the utilities of the SP and social welfare.  相似文献   
4.
The context of molecular structronics (from “molecular structure” and “electronics”) is that of molecular-level electrochemical storage of energy of sustainable origin (wind, solar). Due to its discontinuous availability, storage of this energy is a key issue. The targeted type of storage relies on implementing “electron reservoirs” within the structronic molecules by electrochemically forming dedicated chemical bonds according to non-catalytic processes. Reservoir bonds are therefore integral parts of the molecular backbone of structronic assemblies. When filled, electron reservoirs manifest themselves in the form of elongated covalent bonds that are to be cleaved for electron releasing (discharging) on demand. The scope of this short review is limited to pyridinium electrophores as particularly suited building blocks for the development of structronics.  相似文献   
5.
延安是中国共产党领导革命的中心和战略总后方,是革命的红色摇篮。延安时期出版了大量具有历史、文化以及教育意义的红色文献,这些红色文献记载了中国共产党波澜壮阔的发展历程,也反映了延安时期不断发展的科技生产水平与独特的制浆造纸工艺,具有重要的研究价值。然而,延安时期出版的红色文献虽距今不到百年时间,但其保存现状不容乐观,普遍存在纸张老化、焦脆易碎等问题,大量文献急需科学检测与修复保护,以延长其保存寿命。目前,针对延安时期红色文献的检测研究仍存在较大空白。考虑到红色文献的珍贵性与特殊性,应当尽可能选择无损检测方法对其分析检测。基于衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR),以木素1 510 cm-1处特征峰与纤维素1 030 cm-1处特征峰的强度作为定量依据,建立了造纸原料与红色文献纸张中木素相对含量的无损检测方法。通过检测不同碱强度与碱浓度处理后的构皮、苦竹与杨木的木素含量,考察了制浆过程中碱处理条件对造纸原料脱木素程度的影响,同时体现了红外光谱法测定木素相对含量的普适性。以复旦大学图书馆藏的76册延安时期红色文献为研究对象,分析了红色文献的纸张木素含量与纸张pH值以及纸张氧化度的相互关系。结果表明,木素相对含量高于25%的红色文献,其纸张pH集中在3~4之间且纸张氧化度较高,文献整体保存状况堪忧;而木素相对含量低于25%的红色文献,其纸张氧化度与酸度较低,文献整体保存情况较好。以上结果验证了红外光谱无损检测法用于延安时期红色文献木素含量分析的可行性,并结合纸张氧化度与酸度数据提出了纸张木素含量的合适范围,为制浆造纸中植物原料的脱木素过程提供参考。拓展了红外光谱法在红色文献无损检测中的应用范围,以期为延安时期红色文献的修复与保护研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   
6.
近年来,高分遥感影像技术的快速发展为铁路沿线地物检测提供了一种重要技术手段。基于回归的一阶段目标检测方法YOLOv4具有检测精度高、速度快等优点,但用于遥感影像检测时仍然存在部分细节特征信息丢失导致的小目标漏检,以及进行大面积地物检测时效率低的问题。为此,提出改进YOLOv4网络模型对遥感影像铁路沿线地物进行检测。首先,设计由卷积、批量归一化和Mish激活函数组成的CBM(convolution batch normalization mish)模块,并采用DCBM(double CBM)模块作为密集连接网络(DenseNet)的传输层用于YOLOv4网络特征提取以实现地物特征传递和信息重用,增强小目标地物的检测能力,降低漏检率;然后针对YOLOv4在大面积检测时效率不高和模型参数空间较大的缺陷,将压缩激励SE(squeeze excitation)通道注意机制用于骨干网中跨阶段局部单元(cross stage partial, CSP)的每个残差单元之后,减少SE注意模块的重复调用次数,使其能够在提高网络性能的同时降低模型参数量从而提高检测效率;最后,针对长条形状的铁路目标提取困难问题,在网络结果输出之前引入改进的通道空间注意力机制ICBAM(improved convolutional block attention module) 保留原始特征信息,解决铁路目标特征提取能力差的问题,提高铁路中大尺度目标的检测效率。为验证所提方法的有效性,选取2 048张分辨率为1 920×1 080的某段铁路沿线遥感影像地物样本数据,将其中的铁路、房屋、楼宇建筑、农田和水池作为检测目标进行实验,并与当前流行的目标检测方法进行对比。结果表明,改进方法不仅增强了对小目标地物的检测能力,提高了地物检测精度和速度,而且提高了大尺度目标的检测效率。与YOLOv4算法相比,mAP提高了2.11%,准确率提高了2.93%,召回率提高了3.79%,模型大小减少了8.53%。所提方法为当前应用高速铁路沿线遥感影像地物快速精准检测提供了有效方法。  相似文献   
7.
卢浩然  魏雅清  龙闰 《物理化学学报》2022,38(5):2006064-57
通常认为缺陷加速黑磷的非辐射电子-空穴复合,阻碍器件性能的持续提高。实验打破了这一认识。采用含时密度泛函理论结合非绝热分子动力学,我们发现P-P伸缩振动驱动非辐射电子-空穴复合,使纳米孔修饰的单层黑磷的激发态寿命比完美体系延长了约5.5倍。这主要归因于三个因素。一,纳米孔结构不但没有在禁带中引入深能级缺陷,而且由于价带顶下移使带隙增加了0.22 eV。二,除了带隙增加,纳米孔减小了电子和空穴波函数重叠,并抑制了原子核热运动,从而使非绝热耦合降低至完美体系的约1/2。三,退相干时间比完美体系延长了1.5倍。前两个因素战胜了第三个因素,使纳米孔结构激发态寿命延长至2.74 ns,而其在完美体系中约为480 ps。我们的研究表明可以制造合理数量和形貌的缺陷,如纳米孔,降低黑磷非辐射电子-空穴复合,提高光电器件效率。这一研究对于理解和调控黑磷和其它二维材料的激发态性质有重要意义。  相似文献   
8.
Thin-film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas-sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock-in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm−1(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined.  相似文献   
9.
Present study offers great prospects for the adsorption of anti-inflammatory celecoxib molecule (CXB) over the surface of zinc oxide (Zn12O12) and magnesium oxide (Mg12O12) nanoclusters in several environments by performing robust theoretical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and molecular docking calculations have been extensively carried out to predict the foremost optimum site of CXB adsorption. It has been observed that the CXB molecule prefers to be adsorbed by its SO2 site on the Zn-O and Mg-O bonds of the Zn12O12 and Mg12O12 nanoclusters instead of NH2 and NH sites, where electrostatic interactions dominate over the bonding characteristics of the conjugate complexes. Furthermore, the presence of interactions between the CXB molecule and nanoclusters has also been evidenced by the UV–Vis absorption spectra and IR spectra. Molecular docking analysis has revealed that both adsorption states including CXB/Zn12O12 and CXB/Mg12O12 have good inhibitory potential against protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Hence they might be explored as efficient TNF-α, IL-1, and HER2 inhibitors. Hence from the study, it can be anticipated that these nanoclusters can behave as an appropriate biomedical carrier for the CXB drug delivery.  相似文献   
10.
建立了氟化氢铵消解地球化学样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定样品中钨、锡和钼的方法。方法经过国家土壤和水系沉积物标准参考物质验证,方法的检出限钨为0.048μg/g、锡为0.079μg/g、钼为0.063μg/g,准确度(相对误差)钨为0.64%~6.28%、锡为0.29%~3.74%、钼为2.12%~7.41%,精密度(相对标准偏差)钨为0.13%~0.72%、锡为0.05%~1.2%、钼为0.03%~1.1%,能够满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的质量要求。方法具有操作简便、测试成本低、分析效率高、环境污染小等特点,适合于批量样品的分析测试。  相似文献   
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