吸收波长和吸收效率可控的超材料吸收器

为了使超材料完美吸收器(metamaterial perfect absorber,MPA)能够同时实现吸收效率和吸收波长的控制,本文提出利用二氧化钒(VO2)和石墨烯作为MPA的材料,通过对MPA的结构设计,在红外波段实现了高吸收,吸收效率最高可达99%.研究发现通过改变VO2的温度和石墨烯的化学势,可同时实现MPA吸收效率和吸收波长的控制,吸收效率调制深度和吸收波长调谐范围分别可达97.08%和3.2μm.通过对MPA在吸收波长处的磁场分布分析可以得出,MPA能够产生高吸收是由于其形成了法布里-帕罗(Fabry-Pérot,FP)干涉腔共振,研究发现MPA的结构参数对FP腔的共振波长具有显著的影响.     

Passive vibration absorber effect on the machining surface quality of a flexible workpiece

This paper presents a study of the vibratory behaviour of a flexible workpiece subject to a milling end operation. Indeed, this vibratory behaviour is critical, especially when the excitation frequency is near to the resonance. For this reason, passive vibration suppression is considered in order to attenuate the dynamic response of the milled workpiece and decrease the dynamic effect on the resulting machined surface roughness and flatness. In order to confirm the efficiency of the passive vibration suppression, the vibratory behaviour and the quality (roughness and flatness) of a machined surface are studied without and with passive absorber (TMD) using a finite-element model.     

近红外光谱的古筝面板用木材等级识别研究

目前民族乐器古筝面板用板材的等级主要依靠乐器技师凭借个人经验进行判断，此方法受限于有丰富经验的技师且容易受其主观判断影响。针对此现状，以用于制作古筝面板的泡桐木材为实验样本，提出了一种利用近红外光谱结合改进的BP神经网络方法，实现快速识别古筝面板用板材的不同等级。近红外光谱可以表征丰富的物质结构与组成信息，并且测量仪器成本较低，附件形式多样化，所以针对泡桐板材的近红外光谱实验分析有实用意义首先进行光谱去噪，消除系统误差等以提高光谱分辨率，根据均方根误差与信号平方和作为多种预处理方法评价指标，选取一阶导数为本实验最终预处理方式，15为合适的滤波去噪窗口大小，然后通过主成分分析法压缩数据以及马氏距离法剔除建模集异常样本，从而建立更具代表性的建模集。然后通过聚类分析无监督学习方法进行板材等级分析，证明板材分级的可行性。由于H₂O在近红外光谱区域具有较大吸收，根据实验光谱分析结果，不考虑其基频振动波段5 396.0～4 978.0 cm-1区域和第一泛音振动波段6 800～7 000 cm-1区域，仅考虑剩余近红外光谱波段信息，将不同光谱信息波段组合，共七种组合波段区域作为神经网络模型的输入，进行面板板材等级识别模型实验。对传统的BP神经网络模型作改进。BP神经网络中学习率的设置采用自适应学习率优化策略，弥补传统神经网络训练速率慢等劣势。同时采用交叉熵函数作为代价函数，从而加快权重的更新速度。选取Relu函数作为输入层与隐藏层之间的传递函数，提高了模型训练速度，有效防止过拟合的发生。选取Softmax函数作为最后一层的传递函数，以此减少复杂计算，构成该研究最终BP神经网络模型。选取不同数量的主成分变量所能提取的光谱信息量不同，通过不断增加主成分个数和调整参与模型的光谱波段区间，调整BP神经网络模型的输入，当主成分个数为11和光谱区间为10 000～7 000和4 976～4 000 cm-1时，未知样本识别率达到99.7%，所选光谱区间涵盖C-H等基团全部特征信息。研究结果表明，近红外光谱结合神经网络可以对不同等级的泡桐木材进行有效的识别，降低人工检测误差，缩短板材分级时间，更好地满足乐器市场需求。     

Estimation of partially specified spatial panel data models with random-effects

In this article, we study estimation of a partially specified spatial panel data linear regression with random-effects. Under the conditions of exogenous spatial weighting matrix and exogenous regressors, we give an instrumental variable estimation. Under certain sufficient assumptions, we show that the proposed estimator for the finite dimensional parameter is root-N consistent and asymptotically normally distributed and the proposed estimator for the unknown function is consistent and asymptotically distributed. Consistent estimators for the asymptotic variance-covariance matrices of both the parametric and unknown components are provided. The Monte Carlo simulation results verify our theory and suggest that the approach has some practical value.     

Design of a tuned vibration absorber for a slender hollow cylindrical structure

Abstract

In this paper, details of the design work for a tuned vibration absorber to be used on a hollow cylindrical structure is presented. The vibration problem is of resonant type and the tuned vibration absorber is designed to suppress the displacement vibration response of the free end of the slender hollow structure dominated by the contribution of its lowest transverse vibration modes. The structure is modeled using a commercial finite element software. Finite element model of the structure is verified using experimentally obtained frequency response functions and modal parameters. Effective parameters of the tuned vibration absorber design are then determined based on finite element analysis simulations of the vibration suppression performance of the tuned vibration absorber as it is used on the structure. Details of the tuned vibration absorber design are determined and a prototype is fabricated. Prototype tuned vibration absorber is then characterized experimentally both as a standalone system and also as it is used on the main structure. Vibration reduction performance of the physical prototype of the tuned vibration absorber is also compared with its vibration reduction performance estimated from finite element analysis simulations so that the analysis based design process can be validated.

Communicated by Dumitru Caruntu.     

爆炸荷载作用下方形夹芯板动力学响应与优化设计数值分析

为研究方形蜂窝铝板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力学响应,基于LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件,建立了TNT炸药-前后面板-蜂窝夹芯-空气的三维有限元模型。采用ALE(任意的拉格朗日欧拉)多物质流固耦合算法分析了蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的变形机理、塑性变形、能量吸收以及结构的优化。数值模拟结果表明:随着面板厚度、核心高度的增加,蜂窝铝板在冲击荷载作用下的塑性变形明显减小,抵抗变形的能力增强;随着爆轰入射角度的增加,结构的破坏程度有所减小,入射角越大这种效果越发明显。对结构给定边长和受冲击面积以及面板厚度配合比、夹芯量纲为一的高度进行了局部的优化分析,为设计优质铝蜂窝板提供参考。     

一种面板数据分位数回归模型的工具变量方法

本文将工具变量分位数回归模型(IVQR)应用到面板数据中,结合Canay对面板分位数回归的两步估计法以及Chernozhukov对IVQR模型的估计方法,提出了两步面板分位数工具变量估计法(2S-IVFEQR),并给出相应的参数估计。本文提出的方法较已有的方法计算复杂度低,蒙特卡洛模拟结果显示在数据量不大或者处理长面板数据时,2S-IVFEQR方法要优于传统的IVFEQR方法,且运算时间短。     

基于面板模型的商品房价格影响因素的实证研究

选取了我国30个省市2006~2015年的面板数据,应用面板数据计量模型回归的方法,基于R语言对影响商品房价格的因素进行实证研究.首先,经过Hausman检验与F检验确定面板数据的模型为混合估计模型;模型可以通过十折交叉验证法、残差正太性的检验、Q-Q图检验、变量间共线性的检验;最后经过逐步回归分析,结果表明土地价格、商品房销售面积、居民可支配收入、人均国内总产值财政收入占地区生产总值比重、汇率这6个指标对商品房价格都有显著性的影响.其中,土地价格和居民可支配收入对商品房价格的影响最为突出.     

Panel‐based stratified cluster sampling and analysis for photovoltaic outdoor measurements

We study a stratified multisite cluster‐sampling panel time series approach in order to analyse and evaluate the quality and reliability of produced items, motivated by the problem to sample and analyse multisite outdoor measurements from photovoltaic systems. The specific stratified sampling in spatial clusters reduces sampling costs and allows for heterogeneity as well as for the analysis of spatial correlations due to defects and damages that tend to occur in clusters. The analysis is based on weighted least squares using data‐dependent weights. We show that this does not affect consistency and asymptotic normality of the least squares estimator under the proposed sampling design under general conditions. The estimation of the relevant variance–covariance matrices is discussed in detail for various models including nested designs and random effects. The strata corresponding to damages or manufacturers are modelled via a quality feature by means of a threshold approach. The analysis of outdoor electroluminescence images shows that spatial correlations and local clusters may arise in such photovoltaic data. Further, relevant statistics such as the mean pixel intensity cannot be assumed to follow a Gaussian law. We investigate the proposed inferential tools in detail by simulations in order to assess the influence of spatial cluster correlations and serial correlations on the test's size and power. ©2016 The Authors. Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.