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1.
Fluoride anion (F?) affects environmental, biological, and chemical processes significantly. Therefore, its detection has received increasing attention, and sensitive, effective, and convenient probes for F? detection need to be developed urgently. In this work, two perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) (PTAC) based colorimetric and ratiometric probes, P1 and P2, were developed for the detection of F?. The interactions between F? and these two probes were investigated by absorption, electrochemistry, 1H NMR, and density functional methods. Both the two probes were complexed with F? with a ratio of 1:1. The detection limits of P1 and P2 were 0.22 μM and 0.87 μM, respectively. It was worth noting that the absorption peak of P1 showed a 190 nm red shift when sensing F?, and P1 is the largest red shift value reported in F? probes based on PTAC derivatives. This phenomenon was resulted from the unique configuration and deprotonation of P1 that can promote the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). This strategy provides an example for the development of other ion probes based on D-A type ICT mechanism.  相似文献   
2.
Applied Mathematics and Mechanics - The stress and the strain should be defined as statistical variables averaged over the representative volume elements for any real continuum system. It is shown...  相似文献   
3.
Jing-Jing Xia 《中国物理 B》2022,31(3):34209-034209
The optical Ramsey spectrum is experimentally realized in an 87Sr optical lattice clock, and the measured linewidth agrees well with theoretical expectation. The coherence time between the clock laser and the atoms, which indicates the maximum free evolution period of using Ramsey detection to measure the atom-laser phase information, is determined as 340(23) ms by measuring the fringe contrasts of the Ramsey spectrum as a function of the free evolution period. Furthermore, with the same clock duty cycle of about 0.1, the clock stability is measured by using the Ramsey and Rabi spectra, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results show approximately the same stability as the two detection methods, which indicates that Ramsey detection cannot obviously improve the clock stability until the clock duty cycle is large enough. Thus, it is of great significance to choose the detection method of a specific clock.  相似文献   
4.
Yaguang Hao 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):46502-046502
We report a new type of near-zero thermal expansion material β-CuZnV2O7 in a large temperature range from 173 K to 673 K. It belongs to a monoclinic structure (C2/c space group) in the whole temperature range. No structural phase transition is observed at atmospheric pressure based on the x-ray diffraction and Raman experiment. The high-pressure Raman experiment demonstrates that two structural phase transitions exist at 0.94 GPa and 6.53 GPa, respectively. The mechanism of negative thermal expansion in β-CuZnV2O7 is interpreted by the variations of the angles between atoms intuitively and the phonon anharmonicity intrinsically resorting to the negative Grüneisen parameter.  相似文献   
5.
The tension between the Hubble constant values obtained from local measurements and cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements has motivated us to consider the cosmological model beyond ΛCDM. We investigate the cosmology in the large scale Lorentz violation model with a non-vanishing spatial curvature. The degeneracy among spatial curvature, cosmological constant, and cosmological contortion distribution makes the model viable in describing the known observational data. We obtain some constraints on the spatial curvature by comparing the relationship between measured distance modulus and red-shift with the predicted one, the evolution of matter density over time, and the evolution of effective cosmological constant. The implications of the large scale Lorentz violation model with the non-vanishing spatial curvature under these constrains are discussed.  相似文献   
6.
Anderson localization is a famous wave phenomenon that describes the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium. Here we generalize the landscape theory of Anderson localization to general elliptic operators and complex boundary conditions using a probabilistic approach, and further investigate some mathematical aspects of Anderson localization that are rarely discussed before. First, we observe that under the Neumann boundary condition, the low energy quantum states are localized on the boundary of the domain with high probability. We provide a detailed explanation of this phenomenon using the concept of extended subregions and obtain an analytical expression of this probability in the one-dimensional case. Second, we find that the quantum states may be localized in multiple different subregions with high probability in the one-dimensional case and we derive an explicit expression of this probability for various boundary conditions. Finally, we examine a bifurcation phenomenon of the localization subregion as the strength of disorder varies. The critical threshold of bifurcation is analytically computed based on a toy model and the dependence of the critical threshold on model parameters is analyzed.  相似文献   
7.
Using an exact Bethe ansatz solution, we rigorously study excitation spectra of the spin-1/2 Fermi gas (called Yang–Gaudin model) with an attractive interaction. Elementary excitations of this model involve particle-hole excitation, hole excitation and adding particles in the Fermi seas of pairs and unpaired fermions. The gapped magnon excitations in the spin sector show a ferromagnetic coupling to the Fermi sea of the single fermions. By numerically and analytically solving the Bethe ansatz equations and the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations of this model, we obtain excitation energies for various polarizations in the phase of the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov-like state. For a small momentum (long-wavelength limit) and in the strong interaction regime, we analytically obtained their linear dispersions with curvature corrections, effective masses as well as velocities in particle-hole excitations of pairs and unpaired fermions. Such a type of particle-hole excitations display a novel separation of collective motions of bosonic modes within paired and unpaired fermions. Finally, we also discuss magnon excitations in the spin sector and the application of Bragg spectroscopy for testing such separated charge excitation modes of pairs and single fermions.  相似文献   
8.
通过检索古籍文献,整理了明代(公元1368—1644年)长江流域人口大量死亡事件(mass death events,MDE)10 a尺度的频次与县次序列,利用自然断点分级法、空间分析法等分析了MDE的时空特征及发生原因。结果表明:276 a间,长江流域有158 a发生MDE,明代后期发生频次和影响规模最大;季节上,表现为夏季多发(44.3%),春、秋季次之;空间上,集中分布于长江中下游、尤其是长江三角洲地区,且呈从各省交界处向各省中心扩散的趋势。“未记录原因的饥荒”和“旱灾+其他灾害-饥荒”是造成明代长江流域MDE的主要原因。气候冷干期发生频次多,影响范围广,暖湿期相反,与温度和湿度呈显著负相关;人口规模和社会脆弱程度是主要的社会影响因素。在人口规模大和社会脆弱的明代后期,MDE发生频次高,波及范围广,是气候变化与社会因素共同作用的结果。  相似文献   
9.
得到离散时间正规鞅平方可积泛函空间L2(M)中广义计数算子Nh的5种表示:(1)量子Bernoulli噪声(quantum Bernoulli noises,QBN){?k,?k*;k0}的加权表示;(2)Nh的谱表示,广义计数算子Nhh-计数测度#h的值域为其点谱;(3)Nh的“对角化”表示,Nh可表示为L2(M)的标准正交基{Zσ;σΓ}所生成的一维对角化正交投影算子的加权极限;(4)广义Skorohod积分-广义随机梯度表示,Nh可表示为互共轭算子δh?h的复合算子;(5)对N上的任意非负函数h,可构造一列有界广义计数算子,Nh恰为该有界广义计数算子的强极限,当h可和时,Nh为该有界广义计数算子的一致极限。  相似文献   
10.
齐进  吴锤结 《应用数学和力学》2022,43(10):1053-1085
For the low-dimensional dynamical system model to study dynamics properties of Navier-Stokes equations, it is very important that the attraction domain of the low-dimensional model is the same as that of Navier-Stokes equations. However, to date, there is no universal approach to ensure this purpose for general problems. Herein, it is found that any low-dimensional model based on spatial bases, such as proper orthogonal decomposition bases, optimal spatial bases, and other classical spatial bases, is not predictable, i.e., the error increases with the time evolution of the flow field. With the theoretical framework for building optimal dynamical systems and the new concept of spatiotemporal-coupling spectrum expansion, the low-dimensional model for compressible Navier-Stokes equations was constructed to approximate the numerical solution to large-eddy simulation equations, and the numerical results and novel time evolution of spatiotemporal-coupling bases were given. The entire field error is typically below 10−2%, and the average error at each grid point is below 10−8%. The spatiotemporal-coupling optimal low-dimensional dynamical systems can ensure that the attraction domain of the low-dimensional model is the same as that of Navier-Stokes equations. Therefore, characteristic dynamics properties of spatiotemporal-coupling optimal low-dimensional dynamical systems are the same as those of real flow. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
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