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1.
光谱质量、样本个体差异、检测系统和建模算法等多种因素共同决定水果糖度检测模型的预测精度和稳定性。采用自主研发的短积分全透射近红外在线检测系统以5 ms积分时间和0.5 m·s-1运行速度在线获取了“富士”苹果全透射光谱信号。不同姿态获取的透射光谱强度差异明显,但曲线走势相近,均在920 nm波段具有最大的光谱强度,在850 nm波段存在波谷。采用移动平均平滑、标准正态变量变换和多元散射校正等预处理方法有效去除原始光谱的随机噪声和基线偏差,减小了样本检测姿态引起的光谱差异。为分析不同检测姿态对苹果整果糖度预测模型的影响,构建了单一姿态局限模型和多姿态通用模型,结果表明基于全位点平均透射光谱构建的单一姿态局限模型对检测姿态具有很大的局限性,而多姿态通用模型预测能力较单一检测姿态相当,但却对不同的检测姿态具有更强的适用能力。为进一步提高光谱信号质量,优化模型预测能力,采用信号强度阈值优选方法实现了苹果整果糖度预测模型优化,发现移除中央位点获取的透射光谱信号,有利于提高苹果整果糖度预测模型精度。多姿态通用信号强度优化模型综合考虑不同姿态获取的光谱信息有效性,有效提升了通用信号强度优化模型的预测能力和稳定性,当多姿态通用模型中信号强度阈值为5 000时,模型预测性能最佳,其预测参数Rp,RMSEP和RPD分别为0.79,0.84%和1.58。表明短积分全透射近红外在线检测系统用于不同姿态苹果糖度预测是可行的,多姿态通用模型的建立,扩大了模型在不同姿态的预测稳健性,短积分光谱采集方式结合信号强度阈值优选方法提升了光谱信号的质量和模型的预测能力。  相似文献   
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Zhong-Yu Li 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):40502-040502
Accurate prediction of road traffic flow is a significant part in the intelligent transportation systems. Accurate prediction can alleviate traffic congestion, and reduce environmental pollution. For the management department, it can make effective use of road resources. For individuals, it can help people plan their own travel paths, avoid congestion, and save time. Owing to complex factors on the road, such as damage to the detector and disturbances from environment, the measured traffic volume can contain noise. Reducing the influence of noise on traffic flow prediction is a piece of very important work. Therefore, in this paper we propose a combination algorithm of denoising and BILSTM to effectively improve the performance of traffic flow prediction. At the same time, three denoising algorithms are compared to find the best combination mode. In this paper, the wavelet (WL) denoising scheme, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) denoising scheme, and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) denoising scheme are all introduced to suppress outliers in traffic flow data. In addition, we combine the denoising schemes with bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM) network to predict the traffic flow. The data in this paper are cited from performance measurement system (PeMS). We choose three kinds of road data (mainline, off ramp, on ramp) to predict traffic flow. The results for mainline show that data denoising can improve prediction accuracy. Moreover, prediction accuracy of BILSTM+EEMD scheme is the highest in the three methods (BILSTM+WL, BILSTM+EMD, BILSTM+EEMD). The results for off ramp and on ramp show the same performance as the results for mainline. It is indicated that this model is suitable for different road sections and long-term prediction.  相似文献   
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The main purpose of the present paper is to compare two different kinds of approaches in modeling the deck of a suspension bridge: in the first approach we look at the deck as a rectangular plate and in the second one we look at the deck as a beam for vertical deflections and as a rod for torsional deformations. Throughout this paper we will refer to the model corresponding to the second approach as the beam-rod model. In our discussion, we observe that the beam-rod model contains a larger number of elastic parameters if compared with the isotropic plate model. For this reason the beam-rod model is supposed to be more appropriate to describe the behavior of the deck of a real suspension bridge. A possible strategy to make the plate model more efficient could be to relax the isotropy condition with a more general condition of orthotropy, which is expected to increase the number of elastic parameters. In this new setting, a comparison between the two approaches becomes now possible.Basic results are proved for the suggested problem, from existence and uniqueness of solutions to spectral properties. We suggest realistic values for the elastic parameters thus obtaining with both approaches similar responses in the static and dynamic behavior of the deck. This can be considered as a preliminary article since many work has still to be done with the perspective of formulating models for a complete suspension bridge which take into account not only the deck but also the action on it of cables and hangers. With this perspective, a section is devoted to possible future developments.  相似文献   
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本文提出了一种新的带有时间幂次项的灰色GM(1,1,k,k2)模型,给出了其灰微分方程和白化微分方程基本形式。基于最小二乘法获得了该模型参数估计值,并推导了该模型时间响应函数。鉴于GM(1,1,k,k2)模型灰微分方程与白化微分方程之间存在跳跃关系,首先对灰微分方程的背景值进行了优化,并推导了优化后的背景值计算公式。为了克服初始值的影响,根据误差平方和最小,进一步优化了GM(1,1,k,k2)模型时间响应函数。最后,该优化后的GM(1,1,k,k2)模型被应用于软土地基沉降预测,获得了较好的模拟预测效果,说明模型是可行的。  相似文献   
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In this report we analyze differences in reasoning about span and linear independence by comparing written work of 126 linear algebra students whose instructors received support to implement a particular inquiry-oriented (IO) instructional approach compared to 129 students whose instructors did not receive that support. Our analysis of students’ responses to open-ended questions indicated that IO students’ concept images of span and linear independence were more aligned with the formal concept definition than the concept images of Non-IO students. Additionally, IO students exhibited more coordinated conceptual understandings and used deductive reasoning at higher rates than Non-IO students. We provide illustrative examples of systematic differences in how students from the two groups reasoned about span and linear independence.  相似文献   
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新冠肺炎疫情对广州港的货运发展产生了一定程度的影响,但目前仍然缺少相关的定量研究.基于灰色预测模型,利用港口货物吞吐量、外贸货物吞吐量、集装箱吞吐量三个货运指标,在新冠肺炎疫情没发生的这一假设下,推测2020年1-8月广州港的各货运发展指标值.基于预测值与实际值的比较,定量研究广州港的货运发展受新冠肺炎的影响值,反映新冠肺炎疫情对广州港货运增长的影响程度.实证结果显示:新冠肺炎疫情给广州港货运增长带来的总体影响比较大,对港口货物吞吐量的影响程度为-4.08%,外贸货物的影响-6.33%,集装箱货物的影响-5.79%.为了进一步探索如何减弱新冠肺炎疫情对广州港货运发展的影响,引入了灰色关联度模型,对广州港货运发展的关联因素进行研究.通过广州港货运发展关联因素研究,提出在后疫情时代,促进广州港货运发展的相关举措.  相似文献   
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This review critically evaluates the plastic accumulation challenges and their environmental (primarily) and human (secondarily) impacts. It also emphasizes on their degradation and fragmentation phenomena under marine conditions. In addition, it takes into account the leachability of the various chemical substances (additives) embedded in plastic products to improve their polymeric properties and extend their life. Regardless of their effectiveness in enhancing the polymeric function of plastic products, these additives can potentially contaminate air, soil, food, and water. Several findings have shown that, regardless of their types and sizes, plastics can be degraded and/or fragmented under marine conditions. Therefore, the estimation of fragmentation and degradation rates via a reliable developed model is required to better understand the marine environmental status. The main parameter, which is responsible for initiating the fragmentation of plastics, is sunlight/UV radiation. Yet, UV- radiation alone is not enough to fragment some plastic polymer types under marine conditions, additional factors are needed such as mechanical abrasion. It should be also mentioned that most current studies on plastic degradation and fragmentation centered on the primary stages of degradation. Thus, further studies are needed to better understand these phenomena and to identify their fate and environmental effects.  相似文献   
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