锂磷氧氮(LiPON)薄膜电解质和全固态薄膜锂电池研究

采用电子束热蒸发Li₃PO₄与氮等离子体辅助相结合的方法制备了含氮磷酸锂(LiPON)电解质薄膜,已测得该非晶态电解质薄膜在温度为300K时的离子导电率为6.0×10^-7 S/cm,电子电导率低于10^-10 S/cm,电化学稳定窗口为5.0V.以脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)制备的非晶态Ag_0.5V₂O₅薄膜为阴极,真空热蒸发法制备的金属锂为阳极,LiPON薄膜为电解质,成功地制备了一个新的Li/LiPON/Ag_0.5V₂O₅全固态薄膜锂电池.该电池以14μA/cm²电流充/放电时,首次放电容量达到62 μAh·cm^-2·μm^-1,10次循环后容量衰减缓慢,衰减率约为0.2%,循环寿命达到550次以上.     

全固态薄膜锂/锂离子电池的研究进展

本文介绍了全固态薄膜锂/锂离子电池发展;对全固态薄膜锂/锂离子电池最近的研究进展进行了综述分析,并指出了今后研究的方向。     

Local Structure of Glassy Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films: A Combined Experimental and Ab Initio Approach

Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is an amorphous solid-state lithium ion conductor displaying exemplary cyclability against lithium metal anodes. There is no definitive explanation for this stability due to the limited understanding of the structure of LiPON. Herein, we provide a structural model of RF-sputtered LiPON. Information about the short-range structure results from 1D and 2D solid-state NMR experiments. These results are compared with first principles chemical shielding calculations of Li-P-O/N crystals and ab initio molecular dynamics-generated amorphous LiPON models to unequivocally identify the glassy structure as primarily isolated phosphate monomers with N incorporated in both apical and as bridging sites in phosphate dimers. Structural results suggest LiPON′s stability is a result of its glassy character. Free-standing LiPON films are produced that exhibit a high degree of flexibility, highlighting the unique mechanical properties of glassy materials.     

A surface science approach to cathode/electrolyte interfaces in Li-ion batteries: Contact properties,charge transfer and reactions

Reactions and charge transfer at cathode/electrolyte interfaces affect the performance and the stability of Li-ion cells. Corrosion of active electrode material and decomposition of electrolyte are intimately coupled to charge transfer reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which in turn depend on energy barriers for electrons and ions. Principally, energy barriers arise from energy level alignment at the interface and space charge layers near the interface, caused by changes of inner electric (Galvani) potential due to interfacial dipoles and concentration profiles of electronic and ionic charge carriers.In this contribution, we introduce our surface science oriented approach using photoemission (XPS, UPS) to investigate cathode/electrolyte interfaces in Li-ion batteries. After an overview of the processes at cathode/electrolyte interfaces as well as currently employed analysis methods, we present the fundamentals of contact potential formation and energy level alignment (electrons and ions) at interfaces and their analysis with photoemission. Subsequently, we demonstrate how interface analysis can be employed in Li-ion battery research, yielding new and valuable insights, and discuss future benefits.     

以LiCoO2为阴极的全固态薄膜锂电池的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术制备了非晶态和不同取向的多晶LiCoO2薄膜,利用XRD和SEM研究了不同温度退火后LiCoO2薄膜的结构和形貌.以具有不同结构的LiCoO2薄膜为阴极、含氮磷酸锂薄膜为电解质以及金属锂薄膜为阳极,成功地制备了电化学性能不同的全固态薄膜锂电池.由电化学研究结果表明,LiCoO2薄膜的结构和多晶取向决定了薄膜电池的电化学性能.采用具有一定取向的多晶LiCoO2薄膜制备的全固态薄膜锂电池具有最佳的性能,稳定放电容量达到55.4μAh/cm2μm,充放电循环次数超过450次.     

含氮磷酸锂薄膜在空气中的稳定性

利用射频(RF)磁控溅射方法制备了含氮磷酸锂(LiPON)薄膜. 采用SEM、XRD、XPS等技术以及交流阻抗法和电位线性扫描法, 研究了空气湿度对LiPON薄膜形貌、组成和性能的影响. 结果表明, LiPON薄膜在湿度为40%的空气环境中放置24 h后, 将发生明显的水解反应, 使LiPON薄膜表面形貌变得疏松、局部突起; PH3和NH3的产生, 使薄膜中磷元素和氮元素含量减少, 而Li2CO3的生成, 则使薄膜中碳元素和氧元素含量有明显的增加. LiPON电解质薄膜形貌和组成的变化, 造成了薄膜电化学性能的严重恶化.     

全固态锂离子电池的研究及产业化前景

全固态锂离子电池具有安全性能高、能量密度大、工作温度区间广等优点, 是锂离子电池领域的研究热点. 固体电解质的开发是全固态锂离子电池实现应用的先决条件, 目前国内外研究比较广泛、应用前景较好的固体电解质主要有聚氧乙烯及其衍生物体系的聚合物电解质、LiPON薄膜电解质以及玻璃态硫化物体系的无机电解质三种. 近两年,在固体电解质的研究已取得很大进展的基础上, 人们正在将研究重点转向全固态电池结构设计及生产技术上, 并不断有样品电池面世. 本文从固体电解质的发展历史、最新研究进展、电池生产技术以及产业化应用前景这几个方面, 分别对以上三种体系的电解质及其电池进行综述, 以探索全固态锂离子电池的商品化前景.     

以LiCoO2为阴极的全固态薄膜锂电池的研究

Amorphous and oriented polycrystalline LiCoO2 thin films, used as cathode material for an all-solid-state thin film battery, were fabricated by using RF magnetron sputtering and annealed at different temperatures. The morphology and structure of LiCoO2 thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. All-solid-state thin film batteries, comprised of LiCoO2 cathode films with different structures, lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte film and metallic lithium anode film, was successfully prepared and their properties were examined by chronopotentiometry. Results showed that the structure and crystallinity of the LiCoO2 films strongly influenced the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries. Worth nothing was the battery with an oriented polycrystalline LiCoO2 film it exhibited the best electrochemical performance, and delivered a discharge capacity of ～55.4 μAh/cm2μm. Furthermore, when subjected to over 450 charge/discharge cycles, that battery suffered no obvious fode in capacity.