Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated. Results show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen (oxygen-to-carbon ratio < 5.0%), the crystal quality of diamond is improved, and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed. With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5% to 20.0%, the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced. This change of hole concentration is also explained. Moreover, the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen, boron and oxygen complex structures (especially B₃O and B₄O) are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond, which results in increase of donor concentration. With further increase of ratio of O/C, the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration (the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%). This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen. The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration, which is applicable to electronic level of usage.     

基于SPH/FEM方法的浅水冲击喷溅及其抑制结构研究

物体浅水冲击会造成结构响应和自由液面的剧烈喷溅,以往的研究多集中在物体受水的冲击响应方面,而对浅水层受物体冲击引起的剧烈喷溅问题及其喷溅抑制结构的相关研究很少。本文基于SPH/FEM耦合方法对浅水冲击的液体喷溅特性开展研究。首先,计算了刚性长方体结构的冲击喷溅,与文献中准二维溅水试验结果进行了比较,将浅水喷溅分为初始喷溅、二次喷溅和底部射流三部分。分别研究了各部分喷溅的形成机理,指出二次喷溅由结构对水层的挤压和底部射流的能量传递共同引起,并分析了水深对二次喷溅的影响规律。其次,对喷溅抑制结构的机理做了数值研究,发现拱形翻边构型可以抑制初始喷溅,但不能有效降低二次喷溅。最后,提出了一种带凹槽和阻水边条的新型翻边构型,对二次喷溅具有更好的抑制效果。     

主动射流控制水翼空化的数值模拟与分析

为了改善高速流动工况下水翼吸力面上流场的空化特性,提出了水翼表面主动射流对绕水翼周围流动加以控制的方法.基于密度分域滤波的FBDCM混合湍流模型联合Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,分析了来流空化数为0.83,来流攻角为8°,射流位置距水翼前缘为x=0.19c时,主动射流对于水翼吸力面上流动的空化特性和水动力特性影响.对回射流的强度进行了量化分析,以探究回射流与流场空化特性的关系.数值分析结果表明,在射流水翼吸力面上的时均空泡体积为原始水翼的1/15,使得流场内空化流动由云空化状态转变为较为稳定的片空化状态,显著地削弱了云空化的发展.此外,射流极大地改善了水翼的水动力性能,使得水翼的升阻比较原始水翼提高了22.9%,空泡的脱落频率减少了26.2%,空泡脱落所引起的振幅减小了9.1%.射流大幅降低了水翼吸力面上低压区面积,水翼吸力面上流体的逆向压力减小,回射流强度降低;同时,射流使水翼吸力面上的边界层减薄,增强了流动的抗逆压梯度能力,一定程度上阻挡了回射流向水翼前缘的流动,这也从机理上分析了主动射流抑制空化的原因.      

UPLC-Q/TOF-MS coupled with multivariate analysis for comparative analysis of metabolomic in Dendrobium nobile from different growth altitudes

Dendrobium nobile alkaloids (DNLA) and glycosides are the main active components extracted from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (D. nobile) used for thousands of years in China. The pharmacological effects of the above chemical components are significantly different. D. nobile is mainly grown at an altitude ranging from 230 to 800 m in Chishui City, Northwest Guizhou Province. However, it is unclear whether the metabolite in D. nobile is influenced by the planting altitude. Hence, to reveal the different metabolite in D. nobile cultivated at the altitude of 336 m, 528 m, and 692 m, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Q/TOF-MS couple with multivariate analysis were developed. Using the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, 19 different metabolites were discovered and then tentatively assigned their structures as alkaloids and glycosides by comparing mass spectrometry data with in-house database and literature. Moreover, the result of semiquantitative analysis showed the content of dendrobine that was belonged to alkaloids significantly increased at the altitude of 692 m, whereas the content of glycosides demonstrated an accumulation trend at the altitude of 528 m. The results could provide valuable information for the optimal clinical drug therapeutics and provide a reference for quality control.     

Tutorial review on validation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods: Part II

This is the part II of a tutorial review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of method validation in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and discuss specific issues that arise with MS (and MS–MS) detection in LC (as opposed to the “conventional” detectors). The Part II starts with briefly introducing the main quantitation methods and then addresses the performance related to quantification: linearity of signal, sensitivity, precision, trueness, accuracy, stability and measurement uncertainty. The last section is devoted to practical considerations in validation. With every performance characteristic its essence and terminology are addressed, the current status of treating it is reviewed and recommendations are given, how to handle it, specifically in the case of LC–MS methods.     

Molecular signal suppression by in situ microextraction in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The detailed characterization of complex mixtures by NMR is often hampered by the presence of signals from uninformative compounds, the resonances of which overlap with those of the molecules of interest. We provide here a proof of principle for an approach to NMR signal suppression in complex samples using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPS). Addition of a few milligrams of polymer to a solution traps the target molecule in typical micromolar to millimolar concentration, thus achieving in situ signal suppression, without altering any other spectral features. This method minimized any manipulation or perturbation of the spectrum and was applied to a complex mixture of known compounds and to a plant extract, in both cases spiked with a compound (bisphenol A), which was subsequently removed by selective binding to a complementary MIP. What is described in this report is comparable with microextraction and may in due course be applied to a large number of analytical challenges. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recent advances in analytical methodologies based on mass spectrometry for the environmental analysis of halogenated organic contaminants

Halogenated organic contaminants, including legislated and potential persistent organic pollutants and their precursors, represent a major environmental concern due to their hazardous effects in humans and wildlife as well as their ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain, their high resistance to environmental degradation, and their long-range atmospheric transport potential. The monitoring of these compounds in the environment at ultra-trace concentration levels requires highly selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The lack of reference step-by-step methods led to a high number of reliable determinations depending on analytes, the complexity of the sample, and available instrumentation. Thus, this review article is mainly focused on the last advances in the analytical methodologies for the determination of halogenated organic contaminants. Methodologies regarding sample treatment, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry analysis have been reviewed to finally highlight the future perspectives for the improvement of the analytical determinations of these compounds and the throughput of environmental control laboratories in this field.     

混沌的抑制研究进展综述

综述了抑制混沌的４种主要方法：加随机噪声、加周期摄动、加动力吸振器和加输出变量反馈．概括了各种方法的一般形式，列举了各种方法应用的例子，还指出一些尚待研究的问题．