Effect of the order of Ni and Ce addition in SBA-15 on the activity in dry reforming of methane

Dry reforming of methane has been carried out on SBA-15 catalysts containing 5 wt% Ni and 6 wt% Ce. The effect of the order of Ni and Ce impregnation on the catalytic activity has been studied. Both metals were added using the “two-solvent” method that favors metal dispersion inside the pores. Characterizations by XRD (low and high angles), N₂ sorption, SEM and TEM of the materials after metal addition and calcination indicate good preservation of the porosities and high NiO and CeO₂ dispersion inside the porous channels. Reduction was carried out before the catalytic tests and followed by TPR measurements. The most active reduced catalyst was the Ni–Ce/SBA-15 sample prepared by impregnating cerium first, then nickel. All catalysts were highly active and selective towards H₂ and CO at atmospheric pressure. Full CH₄ conversion was obtained below 650 °C. The higher performances compared to those reported in the literature for mesoporous silica with supported Ni and Ce catalysts are discussed.     

Characterization and reactivity of γ-Al_2O_3 supported Pd–Ni bimetallic nanocatalysts for selective hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene

Several g-Al2O3 supported Pd–Ni bimetallic nanocatalysts(Pd–Ni(x:y)/Al2O3; where x and y represent the mass ratio of Pd and Ni, respectively) were prepared by the impregnation method and used for selective hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene to cyclopentene. The Pd–Ni/Al2O3 samples were confirmed to generate Pd–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The catalytic activity was assessed in view of the effects of different mass ratios of Pd and Ni, temperature, pressure, etc. Among all the samples, the Pd–Ni(1:1)/Al2O3(PN-1:1) catalyst showed extremely high catalytic ability. The conversion of cyclopentadiene and selectivity for cyclopentene can be simultaneously more than 90%.     

Equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamics studies of Cd sorption onto a dithizone-impregnated Amberchrom CG-300m polymer resin

Amberchrom CG-300m, a styrene acrylic ester polymer resin, was studied for the first time as sorbent for metal ion sorption in a solid-phase extraction system. The polymer sorbent was modified via impregnation with dithizone to improve its efficiency. Efficiency of the modified sorbent improved by more than 47%. The loading capacity of the resin is 3.2 mg dithizone per gram of sorbent. The mechanisms of Cd(II) sorption from aqueous solutions are presented. Capacity of the modified resin for Cd(II) was investigated in batch experiments as a function of pH, initial metal ion concentration, temperature and time. Maximum capacity of 0.551 mg Cd(II) per gram of sorbent was achieved. The dimensionless separation factor, 0 < R_L < 1, associated with the Langmuir isotherm (at T = 294 K) signifies sorption of Cd(II) was favorable, as do negative values of free energy of sorption (ΔG) at temperatures exceeding 293 K. Sorption was endothermic (ΔH > 0) while ΔS > 0 reflects the affinity of the sorbent towards Cd(II). The pseudo-second order model proved to be the best fit model for Cd(II) sorption kinetics data. Particle-diffusion models suggest sorption follows film as well as pore diffusion mechanisms.     

浸渍法制备的Pd-MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂及不同载体对地表O_3降解的影响(英文)

在γ-Al2O3载体上用等体积浸渍法浸渍Pd、MnOx活性组分,然后涂覆于堇青石基体上制备Pd-MnOx/γ-Al2O3整体式催化剂.分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、低温N2吸附-脱附及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对制备的催化剂进行表征.研究了Pd、MnOx浸渍顺序对催化剂活性、氧化还原性能及织构性质的影响.实验结果表明,Pd、MnOx共浸渍较分别浸渍制备的催化剂活性好,Pd和MnOx之间存在一定的协同作用.考察了不同载体如La-Al2O3、SiO2、γ-Al2O3和Zr-Al2O3对催化剂活性、氧化还原性能、织构性质及表面电子性能的影响.研究表明,以La-Al2O3或SiO2为载体的催化剂活性最好,即,14°C时O3转化率为82%,完全转化温度为36°C.γ-Al2O3载体次之,Zr-Al2O3载体较差.不同载体制备的催化剂中MnOx的氧化还原性能顺序为:PdMnOx/SiO2Pd-MnOx/La-Al2O3Pd-MnOx/γ-Al2O3Pd-MnOx/Zr-Al2O3.     

Dehydration of Castor Oil over NaHSO4/MCM‐41 Catalyst Modified by n‐Dodecyltriethoxysilane

n‐Dodecyltriethoxysilane (DTEOS) modified NaHSO₄/MCM‐41 catalysts (silanized catalysts) were synthesized by different impregnation sequences and evaluated in the liquid‐phase dehydration of castor oil. The samples were evaluated by X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, SEM, TEM, FT‐IR spectroscopy, XPS, ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, NH₃‐TPD, and pyridine‐FT‐IR spectroscopy. The analyses demonstrated that silanization enhanced the hydrophobicity of the catalysts, and the impregnation sequence of silanized catalysts had a significant effect on the NaHSO₄ dispersion, surface area, acid distribution, and hydrophobicity of the silanized catalysts. The catalytic activity of the silanized catalysts was much higher than that of NaHSO₄/MCM‐41. Among the silanized catalysts, the catalyst prepared by simultaneous impregnation with DTEOS and NaHSO₄ showed the highest iodine value of 141.8 [g(I₂) per 100 g] and lowest hydroxyl value of 11.3 [mg(KOH) · g^–1].     

Study of adsorption processes of model drugs at supercritical conditions using partial least squares regression

The characterisation of adsorption or impregnation processes using conventional or supercritical fluid technologies becomes an increasing part of the research on drug formulations. The complexity of the relationships between these adsorption processes and the experimental variables potentially influencing them, however, makes these studies more problematic. In this paper, a chemometric approach based on nonlinear partial least squares (NL-PLS) modelling is applied to characterise the effect of the experimental variables on the supercritical impregnation process. Various adsorbent materials such as silica gel, zeolite and amberlite were investigated using the following model compounds as adsorbates: benzoic, salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids.     

TPR and XPS characterization of chromia–lanthana–zirconia catalyst prepared by impregnation and microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition methods

Chromia–lanthana–zirconia catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition methods have been characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The impregnation procedure requires large amounts of solvent and calcination at high temperatures producing Cr⁶⁺ species. Unlike this, it is found that the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method predominantly produces Cr³⁺ species on zirconia-based supports. Moreover, it has been shown that the dispersion of chromium species deposited on zirconia-based support by the PECVD method is higher than the dispersion of those prepared by wet impregnation. Thus, the advantages of PECVD over the impregnation method consist in this case in preventing the use of large amounts of solvent and avoiding the primary formation of poisonous Cr⁶⁺ species as well as in enabling the deposition of chromium species with high dispersion on zirconia-based supports.     

Effect of preparation methods on Co/ZrO2 catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Cobalt was incorporated into the zirconia support by different methods. The reducibility and activity of the catalysts was directly related to the preparation methods. Impregnated Co/ZrO₂ catalyst showed the highest reduction degree and the highest CO hydrogenation activity.     

Modification of the cation exchange resin properties by impregnation in polyethyleneimine solutions: application to the separation of metallic ions

A commercial cation exchange resin Amberlite 200 has been modified after immersion in solutions of polyethyleneimine (PEI). The kinetic of fixation of the metallic ions have been determined. The modification of the surface of the resin deals with a change in the order of the affinities of the resins towards cations. The retention is the function of the formation and the stability of the complex. The conditions of modification (pH, PEI concentration and time of immersion) have been examined and the modification was confirmed by the determination of the exchange capacities, the distribution coefficient (P) and the selectivity factors (S). The obtained results revealed the effect of PEI on the exchange properties of the resin. The pH range selected (6-8) permitted a good adherence of PEI onto the resin surface. The quantity of the adsorbed PEI was increased by raising the initial concentration and the immersion period. The exchange capacity for copper ion passed from 2.6 mmol g⁻¹, in the case of unmodified resin, to 3.9 mmol g⁻¹ for the modified one.     

MCM-41分子筛负载钼钴系催化剂的噻吩HDS研究

通过氧吸附量、噻吩吸附热及反应速率常数的测定，研究了MoO3/MCM-41、MoO3-CoO(NiO)/MCM-41系列催化剂，发现，对于MoO3/MCM-41催化剂，当MoO3的质量分数（以MCM－41为底数，即MCM－41＝1g时，MoO3含量为0．15g，下同）从15％增加到20％时，其噻吩的加氢硫（HDS）活性增大，至25％时活性下降，所对应的氧吸附量（mL/g催化剂）也是先增大后减少，并且两者有很好的线性对应关系，而且噻吩吸附热则基本保持不变，采用不同的MoO3-CoO(NiO)浸渍顺序制备的MoO3-CoO(NiO)/MCM-41催化剂中，先浸渍CoO(NiO）再浸渍MoO3的催化剂，其噻吩HDS活性明显优于对其它浸渍顺序制备的催化剂，同时催化剂的氧吸附量和噻吩吸附热也最大。