Binary functions,degeneracy, and alternating dimaps

This paper continues the study of combinatorial properties of binary functions — that is, functions $f:2^E\to ?$ such that $f(0?)=1$, where $E$ is a finite set. Binary functions have previously been shown to admit families of transforms that generalise duality, including a trinity transform, and families of associated minor operations that generalise deletion and contraction, with both these families parameterised by the complex numbers. Binary function representations exist for graphs (via the indicator functions of their cutset spaces) and indeed arbitrary matroids (as shown by the author previously). In this paper, we characterise degenerate elements – analogues of loops and coloops – in binary functions, with respect to any set of minor operations from our complex-parameterised family. We then apply this to study the relationship between binary functions and Tutte’s alternating dimaps, which also support a trinity transform and three associated minor operations. It is shown that only the simplest alternating dimaps have binary representations of the form we consider, which seems to be the most direct type of representation. The question of whether there exist other, more sophisticated types of binary function representations for alternating dimaps is left open.     

基于部分三角函数变换矩阵的块压缩感知测量方法

为了提高块压缩感知的测量效率和重构性能,根据离散余弦变换和离散正弦变换具有汇聚信号能量的特性,提出了基于重复块对角结构的部分离散余弦变换(partial discrete cosine transform in repeated block diagonal structure,PDCT-RBDS)和部分离散正弦变换(partial discrete sine transform in repeated block diagonal structure,PDST-RBDS)的两种压缩感知测量方法.所采用的测量矩阵是一种低复杂度的结构化确定性矩阵,满足受限等距性质.并得到一个与采样能量有关的受限等距常数和精确重构的测量数下限.通过与采用重复块对角结构的部分随机高斯矩阵和部分贝努利矩阵的图像压缩感知对比,结果表明,PDCT-RBDS和PDST-RBDS重构的PSNR大约提高1~5 dB,SSIM提高约0.05,所需的重构时间和测量矩阵的存储空间大大减少.该方法特别适合大规模图像压缩及实时视频数据处理场合.     

Liberating Native Mass Spectrometry from Dependence on Volatile Salt Buffers by Use of Gábor Transform

Volatile salts, such as ammonium acetate, are commonly used in buffers for the analysis of intact proteins and protein complexes in native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Although these solutions are not technically buffers near pH 7, the volatile nature of the salt minimizes ion adduction to proteins upon transfer to vacuum. Conversely, common biochemical salt buffers, such as Tris/NaCl, are not traditionally used in native mass spectrometry because of the tendency of sodium and other ions to adduct to proteins or form large cluster ions, severely frustrating accurate mass assignment. Here, we demonstrate a Gábor transform method for extracting signal from native-like protein ions even in the presence of a large salt-cluster background. We further show the utility of this method in characterizing polymers and show that the measured average mass of long-chain polyethylene glycol ions from a commercial polymer sample is ∼30 % higher than the manufacturer-estimated average mass. It is expected that this method will enable more widespread use of conventional biochemical buffers in native mass spectrometry and decrease dependence on volatile salts.     

基于虚拟相位平面的相位展开方法

在基于相位分析的三维测量系统中,为了准确地得到物体的高度,相位展开扮演着很重要的角色。传统的相位展开方法常常需要额外的投影图,而傅里叶变换轮廓术只需要采集一幅或两幅变形条纹图就可以实现对物体轮廓的测量,其方法速度快,易于实现。针对傅里叶变换轮廓术方法计算得到的截断相位分布,本文提出了一种利用截断相位与参考平面相位差值2π的整数倍数获得截断相位的正确级次,辅助相位展开的方法。当被测物体较复杂,或者相位截断次数较多时,该方法在已有参考平面相位的基础上虚拟新的相位平面,依次比较截断相位和虚拟相位,进行多次分级相位展开,结合多个展开相位结果,最终得到正确的展开相位。该方法展开速度快,展开错误不会蔓延传递。仿真和实物实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,说明该方法可用于傅里叶变换轮廓术中进行截断相位的快速展开。     

Application of ‘Operational Quadrature Methods’ in Time Domain Boundary Element Methods

The usual time domain Boundary Element Method (BEM) contains fundamentalsolutions which are convoluted with time-dependent boundary data andintegrated over the boundary surface. Here, a new approach for theevaluation of the convolution integrals, the so-called OperationalQuadrature Methods developed by Lubich, is presented. In thisformulation, the convolution integral is numerically approximated by aquadrature formula whose weights are determined using the Laplacetransform of the fundamental solution and a linear multisep method. Tostudy the behaviour of the method, the numerical convolution of afundamental solution with a unit step function is compared with theanalytical result. Then, a time domain Boundary Element formulationapplying the Operational Quadrature Methods is derived. For thisformulation only the fundamental solutions in Laplace domain arenecessary. The properties of the new formulation are studied with anumerical example.     

Fourier Transform in Bounded Domains

The functional analysis, the concept of distributionsu in the sense of Schwartz [7] andtheir extension given by Gelfand and Shilov [5]to ultradistributions u ,enables us to find by the means of the Fourier transform a secondlanguage to characterize physical behaviour. Almost any expressionwith physical meaning can be transformed, even if it isformulated in domains with complicated boundaries and evenif it is not integrable.Numerical procedures in the transformed space can bedeveloped in analogy to those well known in engineeringmechanics like the methods of Finite or BoundaryElements (FEM or BEM). Basis of the approaches presentedhere is the analytical representation of characteristicdistribution of a domain and the theorem of Parseval whichstates the invariance of energy in respect to thetransformation. In addition, the concept of thecharacteristic distribution leads to a very simplederivation of the Green-Gauss formulas fundamental for theBoundary or Finite Elements (e.g. [6]).     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中动镜系统的设计

为提升傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的整体性能,基于立体角镜与平面镜组合的光学结构,设计了一种柔性支撑机构的摆动型动镜机构.建立和分析该机构控制模型,设计了相适应的反馈控制算法.结果表明:该结构具有无摩擦、抗震性好等优点;光学结构能够很好地补偿动镜摆动造成的倾斜与横移误差,保证仪器的重复性与稳定性;通过对控制算法参量的调整,动镜机构的扫描准确度优于98.4%.在4cm-1的光谱分辨率条件下,使用该动镜机构所测得的红外光谱信噪比优于80000:1,能够满足高准确度定量分析的要求.     

Linear Dynamical Identification: An Integral Transform seen as a Complex Wavelet Transform

This paper presents a technique that allows the direct linearidentification of frequency response functions from the computation ofa weighted integral transform. This transform allows toemphasize the influence of the poles and zeros of the frequencyresponse functions its formation is based on the Cauchy--Weierstrass theorem. It isthen shown that this transform is directly linked to a complex wavelettransform. This representation with a wavelet transform provides abetter understanding of the amplification effects of the weightedintegral transform and allows the singularities analysis.     

The duality property of the Discrete Fourier Transform based on Simpson's rule

The classical Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) satisfies a duality property that transforms a discrete time signal to the frequency domain and back to the original domain. In doing so, the original signal is reversed to within a multiplicative factor, namely the dimension of the transformation matrix. In this paper, we prove that the DFT based on Simpson's method satisfies a similar property and illustrate its effect on a real discrete signal. The duality property is particularly useful in determining the components of the transformation matrix as well as components of its positive integral powers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.