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1.
毛赫南  王晓工 《物理化学学报》2022,38(4):2004025-52
氧化石墨烯(GO)片的基面和边缘上存在大量的含氧官能团,能很好地分散在水中,因而具有很好的加工性和广阔的应用前景。在较高浓度范围下,GO水分散液中存在着强烈的竞争性相互作用,从而对流变行为产生较大影响。在本文中,通过稳态、动态等流变实验以及理论分析,研究了pH值、温度和不同的有机溶剂对GO分散液流变行为的影响。结果表明,降低pH值、适当增加温度以及加入吡啶均可促进GO水分散液从粘弹性液体到凝胶态的转变。利用DLVO (Deryagin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek)理论,探讨了GO片之间的范德华作用力以及双电层排斥作用的相互关系,及其对流变性能的影响。通过群体平衡模型(PBE)分析了GO分散液的屈服应力与体积分数的正相关关系。同时,通过蠕变和松弛实验发现,高浓度的GO分散液中结构变化及流变行为在很多方面与高聚物相似,利用Poyting-Thomson模型能较好地拟合其粘弹性行为。上述研究结果为深入研究复杂的GO分散体系提供理论支撑和实验依据。  相似文献   
2.
以过渡金属为催化衬底的化学气相沉积法(Chemical Vapor Deposition,CVD)已经可以制备与机械剥离样品相媲美的石墨烯,是实现石墨烯工业应用的关键技术之一。原子尺度理论研究能够帮助我们深刻理解石墨烯生长机理,为实验现象提供合理的解释,并有可能成为将来实验设计的理论指导。本文从理论计算的角度,总结了各种金属衬底在石墨烯CVD生长过程中的各种作用与相应的机理,包括在催化碳源裂解、降低石墨烯成核密度等,催化加快石墨烯快速生长,修复石墨烯生长过程中产生的缺陷,控制外延生长石墨烯的晶格取向,以及在降温过程中石墨烯褶皱与金属表面台阶束的形成过程等。在本文最后,我们对当前石墨烯生长领域中亟需解决的理论问题进行了深入探讨与展望。  相似文献   
3.
Synthesis and characterization of 4-{(E)-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-N-carbamimidoylbenzene-1-sulfonamide(SA) and its composites with graphene(SA-GF) were performed. Compound SA and SA-GF were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The GF dispersion in the composites was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) for morphology. Thermal properties of SA and nanocomposites were investigated using differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The optimum electrical conductivity of the new sulfonamide-based Schiff base was determined to be 1.78×10–5 S/cm at a frequency of 9923 Hz, an applied voltage of –19 V, a mass fraction of 9.38% for graphene loading using a central composite design in the response surface methodology. The significance of the selected parameters(frequency, voltage and GF amount) in the model was determined by the analysis of variance(ANOVA). The results showed that frequency and graphene loading represent important model terms and have considerable effects on the conductivity of SA.  相似文献   
4.
We have investigated the effective utilization potential of carbon nanomaterials in the field of pour point depressants, and reported three kind of carbon-based hybrid nano-pour-point depressants with different dimensions. In this paper, poly-α-olefins-acrylate high-carbon ester pour point depressant (PAA-18) was prepared by esterification and polymerization as the basic pour point depressant. Then, the basic pour point depressant PAA18 was modified by solvothermal method with graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanospheres (Cna) and carbon nanotubes (OCNTs). The morphology and structure of the composites were analyzed by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The results showed that PAA18 was successfully in situ polymerized on GO, Cna and OCNTs. We took the simulated oil as the experimental object, and evaluated its pour point, rheological properties and wax crystal morphology, and achieved excellent results. In the three carbon-based hybrid nano-pour-point depressants with different carbon contents, the oxidation carbon nanotubes composite pour point depressant (PAA18-1 % OCNTs) with carbon content of 1 % had the best pour point and viscosity reduction effect when the dosage was 1250 ppm, which could make the pour point of the simulated oil containing wax decrease by 16 °C. PAA18-1 % OCNTs reduced the pour point by 5 °C more than PAA18. This paper provides reference for the application of carbon nanomaterials in the field of pour point depressant.  相似文献   
5.
In this paper, we demonstrate a kind of broadband metamaterial perfect absorber using both graphene and metal resonator elements. Through step by step design and simulation, wider absorption band from about 4.22 THz to 7.48 THz with average absorption rate up to 98.21% is achieved in the absorption spectrum. In addition, the absorber has characteristics of polarization insensitivity and wide incident angle due to its inherent rotational symmetry. Moreover, the absorption band can be adjusted by changing the chemical potential of the graphene. The superiorities of broadband, high absorption rate, polarization independent and wide-angle characteristics make it have potential application prospects in electromagnetic wave absorbing, signal sensing and detection, and other optoelectronic devices.  相似文献   
6.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) composite nanofibrous membranes immobilized with nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared by electrospinning and ultrasonic-assisted electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that TiO2 and GO were more evenly dispersed on the surface and inside of the nanofibers after 45 min of ultrasonic treatment. Adding TiO2 and GO reduced the fiber diameter; the minimum fiber diameter was 84.66 ± 40.58 nm when the mass ratio of TiO2-to-GO was 8:2 (PAN/β-CD nanofibrous membranes was 191.10 ± 45.66 nm). Using the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) as pollutant models, the photocatalytic activity of the nanofibrous membrane under natural sunlight was evaluated. It was found that PAN/β-CD/TiO2/GO composite nanofibrous membrane with an 8:2 mass ratio of TiO2-to-GO exhibited the best degradation efficiency for the dyes. The degradation efficiency for MB and MO were 93.52 ± 1.83% and 90.92 ± 1.52%, respectively. Meanwhile, the PAN/β-CD/TiO2/GO composite nanofibrous membrane also displayed good antibacterial properties and the degradation efficiency for MB and MO remained above 80% after 3 cycles. In general, the PAN/β-CD/TiO2/GO nanofibrous membrane is eco-friendly, reusable, and has great potential for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewaters.  相似文献   
7.
The complex nature of filling factor ν = 0 of monolayer graphene is studied in magnetotransport experiments. As a function of perpendicular magnetic field a metal-insulator transition is observed, which is attributed to disorder-induced Landau level broadening in the canted antiferromagnetic phase. In the metallic regime a separation of the zeroth Landau level appears and signs of the quantum spin Hall effect are seen near ν = 0. In addition to local transport, nonlocal transport experiments show results being consistent with helical edge transport.  相似文献   
8.
我们通过包覆炭化的方法制备得到了石墨烯包覆的天然球形石墨(G/SG)材料,并使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及多种电化学测试手段考察了不同石墨烯含量的复合材料的形貌结构及电化学性能。我们发现,在不添加乙炔黑(AB)的情况下,G/SG复合材料表现出较高的首次库伦效率,很好的循环稳定性和高倍率性能。当石墨烯包覆量为1%时,材料50次循环后的可逆容量可与添加10%AB的天然石墨电极(SG)等同;当石墨烯包覆量为2.5%时,材料的比容量完全高于添加10%AB的石墨电极。材料电化学性能的改善归因于石墨烯的包覆。一方面,石墨烯的柔软可变性可以保证天然石墨颗粒在充放电过程中的结构完整性,从而有效改善材料的循环稳定性;另一方面,石墨烯的存在提高了电极的导电性,促进更好导电网络的形成。因此,石墨烯包覆天然球形石墨材料中,石墨烯不仅是活性物质,也发挥导电剂的作用。当添加5%的乙炔黑时,在50 mA·g-1电流循环50次后,5%G/SG电极的可逆容量从381.1 mAh·g-1提高到404.5 mAh·g-1,在1 A·g-1电流时可逆容量从82.5 mAh·g-1提高到101.9 mAh·g-1,这表明G/SG电极仍然需要乙炔黑导电剂。乙炔黑颗粒填充在复合材料的空隙中,通过点接触的形式连接到G/SG颗粒,与石墨烯协同作用形成了更加有效的导电网络。尽管石墨烯包覆和乙炔黑添加对天然石墨电极具有积极的影响,例如增加了天然石墨电极的导电性和储锂性能(包括可逆容量,倍率性能和循环性能),但随着石墨烯或乙炔黑的增加,电极密度通常会降低。因此,在实际应用中应考虑石墨负极材料的质量和体积容量的平衡。这些结果对天然石墨的进一步商业应用具有重要意义。我们的工作为天然石墨电极在锂电池中的电化学行为提供了一种新的认识,并且有助于制备更高性能的负极材料。  相似文献   
9.
梁涛  王斌 《物理化学学报》2022,38(1):2011059-0
大批量石墨烯可控制备技术的逐渐成熟为实现其宏观组装和应用提供了基础。在众多的组装策略中,调节石墨烯层间的界面相互作用可以直接影响组装体的力学、电学、热学以及渗透等性质,具有重要的意义。石墨烯片层间以共价键连接的层间共价石墨烯材料以其可调的层间距、较强的层间作用力、丰富的功能化、以及可能的原子构型重排等特性,受到了广泛的关注和深入的研究。相比于其他非共价的键合手段,共价连接是一种更为牢固的枢纽。本文中我们将总结讨论层间共价石墨烯材料的构筑方法、性能以及应用。在构筑方法中,依据石墨烯本身的制备方法分为氧化还原法以及化学气相沉积法,而在氧化还原法中,以其宏观材料的形貌分为纸状和纤维状来讨论。接着,我们重点介绍了层间共价对其力学和电学性能的影响,并概述了此类宏观组装体材料的应用。层间共价石墨烯材料继承了石墨烯自身优异的特性,同时也具有宏观组装所赋予的性能,有望在多个领域得到广泛的应用。  相似文献   
10.
Commercial application of supercapacitors (SCs) requires high mass loading electrodes simultaneously with high energy density and long cycle life. Herein, we have reported a ternary multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/MnO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite for SCs with commercial-level mass loadings. The ternary nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile ultrasound-assisted one-pot method. The symmetric SC fabricated with ternary MWCNT/MnO2/rGO nanocomposite demonstrated marked enhancement in capacitive performance as compared to those with binary nanocomposites (MnO2/rGO and MnO2/MWCNT). The synergistic effect from simultaneous growth of MnO2 on the graphene and MWCNTs under ultrasonic irradiation resulted in the formation of a porous ternary structure with efficient ion diffusion channels and high electrochemically active surface area. The symmetric SC with commercial-level mass loading electrodes (∼12 mg cm−2) offered a high specific capacitance (314.6 F g−1) and energy density (21.1 W h kg−1 at 150 W kg−1) at a wide operating voltage of 1.5 V. Moreover, the SC exhibits no loss of capacitance after 5000 charge−discharge cycles showcasing excellent cycle life.  相似文献   
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