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1.
采用第一性原理密度泛函理论,我们研究了乙二醛在具有四面体结构的Pd4团簇上吸附、解离以及氧化反应历程.研究表明:乙二醛中C-H键是最容易断裂的,断裂后形成的HCOOC基团分别和O或OH反应形成乙醛酸,也就是说乙二醛经过脱氢,选择氧化形成产物乙醛酸.在整个反应过程中,所需要的能垒均小于11.53 Kcal/mol.我们的研究不仅有助于理解乙二醛氧化的反应机理,而且对于今后设计更好的乙二醛选择氧化催化剂有一定的帮助作用.  相似文献   
2.
A series of hydantoins and thiohydantoins have been synthesized in water at room temperature from urea (or N-methylurea, or thiourea) and simple aldehydes (as glyoxal, and its simple derivatives) in the presence of phosphoric anhydride. The reaction time is 10 min using an equimolar amount of P4O10 with respect to the other reagents, but the reaction occurs also, even if with longer reaction times, with very small amounts of P4O10.In addition, this method provides a clean and ‘green’ approach to hydantoins, compounds of great interest in biological and pharmacological fields.  相似文献   
3.
李萍  郭瓦力 《分析试验室》2011,30(6):103-105
根据实验得出的乙二醛、乙醛酸、草酸三组分混合物中各组分在特定波长下呈现出的良好的线性关系,建立起三组分质量浓度与混合吸光度的回归方程组,形成了多波长线性回归-矩阵法,实现了乙二醛氧化制备乙醛酸体系中反应产物乙二醛、乙醛酸、草酸含量的同时测定.研究结果表明:当乙二醛检测下限为1.024 mg/L时,回收率为94%~98%...  相似文献   
4.
A novel vanadium oxide catalyst supported on active carbon was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method, and the precursor was obtained from oxalic acid aqueous solutions of NH4VO3. The catalyst was applied liquid phase oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid. It was found that V2O5/C catalyst exhibited obvious activity for glyoxal oxidation. Glyoxylic acid could be obtained without pH regulation during the reaction. By using this catalyst, the conversion of glyoxal and the yield of glyoxalic acid were 29.2% and 13.6%, respectively at 313 K and oxygen flow 0.1 L/rain after reaction for 10 h.  相似文献   
5.
利用乙二醛双缩(2-羟基苯胺)(GBHA)对Ln^3 系离子进行分组分析,同时以GBHA为显色剂,用分光光度法分别测定了Ho^3 ,Yb^3 ,Er^3 ,Dy^3 和Tb^3五种离子,其检出限为10^-6mol/L,工作曲线线性范围为10^-5--10^-3mol/L。  相似文献   
6.
Chemical species obtained by reaction of 5-amino-1, 10-phenanthroline with ethanedial (glyoxal) are reported with regard to their preparation, chemical composition and spectrometric characterization (UV-visible, infrared and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry). Products of the reaction are postulated to be a mixture of species with molecular weights of 339, 371,480 and 524 u. Chemical reactions leading to these products and possible structural formulas for each of these species are presented. The iron complexes of these ligands, because of their extremely low solubility in most solvents, find application as redox mediators when incorporated in carbon paste electrodes, particularly for sensing in continuous-flow systems.  相似文献   
7.
The cyclic voltammetric behavior of carbon paste electrodes modified by direct admixing with the products of the reactions between ethanedial (glyoxal) and 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline at 100°C and that of their iron(II) complexes is reported. The ligand(s) produced in absence of iron(II) are able to complex iron(II) and copper(II) ions reversibly, but other ions such as nickel(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II), if complexed, show no electrochemical activity. Admixing with the products of the reaction in the presence of excess of iron(II) ion, because of high insolubility and fast electron exchange, produces surfaces useful for amperometric detection in continuous-flow systems. The voltammetric and amperometric behavior in the presence of HSO?3 ions is reported in order to illustrate this application.  相似文献   
8.
A simple and environmentally benign synthetic route to lignin-based epoxy resins is highly desirable. Alkali lignin and glyoxal are promising renewable and sustainable alternatives to phenol and formaldehyde, respectively. Their use is demonstrated to produce lignin-phenol-glyoxal novolac epoxy resins (LPG-NERs) through a simple one-pot synthesis. Flame retardancy of LPG-NERs was improved by functionalization with a N, S modified 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) material (termed DBS) obtained via nucleophilic reaction between DOPO and a N, S containing intermediate. FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the successful fabrication of LPG-NERs and SBD. The introduction of lignin and SBD reduced crosslinking of the epoxy network, weakening mechanical properties, but conferred excellent flame retardancy (including vapor and condensed phases) as determined by LOI (34.5%), UL-94 (V-0 rating), and cone calorimetry tests (lower heat release and smoke production, and higher char formation). The SBD structure imparted a desirable vapor mechanism (blowing out phenomenon caused by the fire quenching effect of PO?/PO2? radicals and dilution effect from non-condensable gases such as NH3, N2, SO2), while lignin (a natural biochar precursor) in synergy with SBD imparted superior charring performance.  相似文献   
9.
The gas phase hydration of glyoxal (HCOCHO) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were studied by the high-level quantum chemical calculations with M06-2X and CCSD(T) theoretical methods and the conventional transition state theory (CTST). The mechanism and rate constant of the ve di erent reaction paths are consid-ered corresponding to HCOCHO+H2O, HCOCHO+H2O H2O, HCOCHO H2O+H2O, HCOCHO+H2O H2SO4 and HCOCHO H2O+H2SO4. Results show that H2SO4 has a strong catalytic ability, which can signi cantly reduce the energy barrier for the hydration reaction of glyoxal. The energy barrier of hydrolysis of glyoxal in gas phase is lowered to 7.08 kcal/mol from 37.15 kcal/mol relative to pre-reactive complexes at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df, 3pd)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df, 3pd) level of theory. The rate constant of the H2SO4 catalyzed hydrolysis of glyoxal is 1.34×10-11cm3/(molecule s), about 1013 higher than that involving catalysis by an equal number of water molecules, and is greater than the reaction rate of glyoxal reaction with OH radicals of 1.10×10-11cm3/(molecule s) at the room temperature, indicating that the gas phase hydrolysis of glyoxal of H2SO4 catalyst is feasible and could compete with the reaction glyoxal+OH under certain atmospheric condi-tions. This study may provide useful information on understanding the mechanistic features of inorganic acid-catalyzed hydration of glyoxal for the formation of oligomer  相似文献   
10.
A simple hydrothermal process has been developed for the synthesis and assembly of copper and silver nanoparticles to aggregates. The reduction of Cu2+ and Ag+ ions to the zerovalent metal was performed by glyoxal in the absence of any external agent. The produced glyoxylic acid (GA) in the redox process stabi‐ lized metallic copper and silver particles and rendered them oxidation resistant for several months and dispersible in polar organic solvents and water. Detailed nanostructures of synthesized products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that assembly of nanoparticles to aggregates and their regularity were dependent on the reaction conditions such as temperature and concentration of the starting material. The Ostwald ripening process was proposed to explain the formation of copper nanoparticles by TEM observation at several times during the reaction. The existence of the surface stabilizing agent was identified by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).  相似文献   
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