HL-2M 初始等离子体放电阶段的辉光放电 清洗系统电极的设计与分析

针对 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电阶段所需的直流辉光放电清洗系统的电极进行了设计。对辉光 放电清洗系统在不同工况下的系统负载进行了分析和拟定，并确定了电极结构设计分析标准。根据系统电极的结 构特点并结合系统负载规范与分析标准，依据不同的失效模式对电极进行了失效分析。分析结果表明，此针对初 始等离子体放电的电极设计能可靠安全运行，满足设计需求。     

辉光放电质谱仪期间核查控制图在实验室质量控制中的应用

仪器设备的期间核查是实验室管理及实验室认证认可的一项基本要求,辉光放电质谱仪主要应用于高纯金属材料的分析,标样研制较为困难,使用高纯标准物质进行质量控制及期间核查的方法难以实现。对用液氮低温冷却离子源型的辉光放电质谱仪,使用纯钽片在进行日常仪器调试信号时得到的钨元素含量数据,用于绘制平均值-极差控制图作为实验室质量控制及期间核查的判定依据,以此评价仪器日常工作的性能状态,以保证检测结果的正确性和可靠性。     

Effect of permanent magnet configuration on discharge characteristics in cylindrical Hall thrusters

Magnetic field design is important in cylindrical Hall thrusters and using permanent magnets to generate magnetic field is very promising in the future. In two typical permanent magnet configurations (i.e., ring and cylindrical configurations) of cylindrical Hall thrusters, discharge characteristics are compared in this paper through the experiments and simulations. The study shows that the cylindrical configuration can bring about higher thruster performance in the same working condition. The reason is that the potential drop of the cylindrical configuration is mainly concentrated in the channel, which is beneficial for the electrons to obtain energy to promote the ionization of the propellant. However, the voltage regulation range of the cylindrical configuration is lower because the anode is more easily overheated.     

Analytical potential of a laser ablation–glow discharge–optical emission spectrometry system for the analysis of conducting and insulating materials

The analytical capabilities of a glow discharge (GD) as a secondary source for excitation/ionization of the material provided by laser ablation (LA) have been compared to conventional laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In LA–GD both sources can be independently adjusted to optimize the sampling process and then its subsequent excitation. This could involve a number of analytical performance advantages, such as reduced matrix dependence, greater precision and sensitivity than those encountered in LIBS. For such purpose, an ablation chamber design including two electrodes to generate the GD discharge has been built and assayed. A comparison between LIBS and LA–GD–OES has been carried out, both, under reduced argon and helium atmospheres. Different sets of samples (conducting reference materials, glass and fluorine pellets) have been used to evaluate the novel coupled technique. The LA–GD coupled system has shown to provide lower detection limits. In addition, best linear correlations between intensities and concentrations and lower matrix effects have also been found using the coupled system. Moreover, special advantages of the LA–GD–OES have also been demonstrated for the analysis of fluorine.     

用浓度调制光谱法测量水汽辉光放电中OH和H2O的布居数变化

本文使用波长为2.8 μm的分布式反馈激光器来测量水汽辉光放电产生的物种. 使用浓度调制光谱仅观察到OH自由基和瞬态H₂O分子的吸收光谱. 吸收峰的强度和方向随解调相位而变化，但是H₂O的一个吸收峰的方向始终与其它峰相反. OH和H₂O的不同光谱取向反映了能级中粒子数量的增加或减少. 如果在放电过程中可以检测到更多的瞬态物种，则可以更好地研究H₂O的激发、电离和分解动力学. 研究表明，浓度调制光谱的解调相位关系可以用来研究分子能级的布居数变化.     

活性炭超级电容器电极材料放电过程非线性特征研究

论述了活性炭超级电容器材料充放电性能的测试方法步骤和测试结果,在此基础上,通过模拟,确定放电电流随时间的变化规律.建立物理模型,用固体物理理论,从微观角度研究材料的电阻随温度的变化,进而得到活性炭超级电容器材料放电电流强度随温度和放电时间变化规律的解析式,探讨材料原子的非简谐振动对电极材料放电性能的影响.结果表明:(1)电极材料放电电流随时间的变化并不遵从将它作为线性元件处理时的按时间的负指数规律变化,而是非线性减小,减小的情况与温度有关;(2)活性炭超级电容器材料的电阻随温度升高而增大.增大情况与原子振动情况有关:将原子振动作简谐近似处理时,材料的电阻的倒数几乎与温度成反比,考虑到原子非振动后,其电阻随温度升高而增大的情况加剧,温度愈高,非简谐振动项的影响愈大;(3)本文提出的物理模型和采用的理论,能对活性炭超级电容器电极材料放电性能进行有效的研究.     

A critique of the unsaturable trap model of radiation damage in metals

The unsaturable trap model, which attributes the increase of the electrical resistivity of fcc metals during electron irradiation in the temperature regime of Stage-II recovery to the trapping of Stage-I_E interstitials at impurity atoms, is shown to be in serious disagreement with the experiments, contrary to opposite statements in the literature. As shown recently, the predictions of the unsaturable trap model are independent of the dimensionality of the diffusion of the Stage-I_E interstitials. Previous attempts to rule out a one-dimensional migration of the Stage-I_E interstitials (and hence the two-interstitial model) on the basis of the alleged agreement of the unsaturable trap model with Stage-II damage curves are thus meaningless. On the contrary, it is demonstrated that the two-interstitial model accounts for minute details of the measured Stage-II damage curves in a natural way.     

Optogalvanic Diagnostic of Conical Bottom Hollow Calhode Discharge. Enhancement of the Optogalvanic Signal

We present an optogalvanic aspect of a new modification of Hollow Cathode Discharge (HCD), i.e. conical bottom HCD. Earlier we found this modification enhancing the light emission properties of the conventional flat bottom HCD; a greater concentration of sputtered atoms was established by using a level crossing method. This effect provoked us to investigate the conical bottom HCD as an optogalvanic detector of signals, belonging to the sputtered atoms in the negative glow. The conical bottom HCD is found to be an effective optogalvanic detector due to the structure of the radial distribution of the optogalvanic signal.     

Analysis of ES hazards in overfilling protection gauge

Gauging operations can cause electrostatic ignition in road tankers during filling operations involving flammable liquids. For this reason, gauging from above the liquid surface should not be carried out in a road tanker containing a flammable atmosphere when hazardous conditions are present.Introduction of an overfilling sensor to automatically stop the filling in case of deviation can be a safety measure to prevent overfilling of the road tanker and the generation of a rather big flammable pool.Nevertheless, this situation generates a conflict of interest with the formerly described safety measure of preventing a charged liquid to approach a counter-electrode in presence of a explosive atmosphere.This situation has been assessed in detail by using a simulation program. It was clear that the gauge could lead to an ignition already when the liquid approached the edge of the gauge. A new design was defined to prevent such hazard.     

辉光放电质谱分析中质谱干扰及其校正方法的现状

详细地介绍了辉光放电质谱分析中的质谱干扰如同量异位素、多原子离子和多电荷离子干扰。从同位素选择、高分辨率仪器、碰撞诱导解离、离子源冷却、数学方法校正、放电气体更换和放电气体纯度提高等方面对辉光放电质谱的质谱干扰校正方法的现状进行了评述(引用文献共68篇)。