Optical current transducer with bulk type Bi12SiO20 faraday sensor for power systems

Two types of optical current transducers (OCTs) have a bulk Faraday sensor inserted into the gap of an iron core and a porcelain insulator with optical fiber. The sensor consists of Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ (BSO) single crystal, a polarizer, and an analyzer. The OCTs satisfied the target performance requirement for fault location and metering and demonstrated maintained performance at some power utilities in Japan and the US. We have developed a fault location system that immediately detects the fault current with the OCTs, there by locating the fault section. The OCT can easily replace the existing support insulators for the disconnecting switch without any modifications to structure height or bus-bar. For metering requiring 0.3% class accuracy, use of a BSO with right optical rotatory power combined with BSO with left optical rotatory power results in a Faraday sensor with improved temperature characteristics. The OCT demonstrated 0.3% class accuracy for metering described in the current transformer Specifications of IEEE C57–13, 1993.     

Optical current transducers using flint glass fiber as the faraday sensor element

This paper describes development of the optical current transducers using flint glass fiber as the Faraday effect sensing element. Excellent polarization properties of the fiber with low birefringence are described, and the design and test data of a current transducer using the fiber manufactured for use in electric power facilities are reviewed. Experimental results on flexible characteristics of a scheme with round trip light transmission in the fiber is also reported.     

Frequency fine-tuning in Class IV flextensional transducers

Class IV flextensional transducers (FTs) are the best-known FTs in literature. These are light-weight projectors (compared to the conventional Tonpilz designs) with capability for high power delivery at low frequencies. The resonance frequencies of this type of transducers are known to be dominantly dependent on the characteristics of the outer shell than on the driver stack. Consequently, the method of achieving fine-tuning of the transducer by modifying the characteristics of the stack, as practiced in the case of Tonpilz designs, is not very effective. This paper describes a method for fine-tuning of the frequency of a Class IV FT, which involves only a modification of a pair of small components used for coupling the stack to the transducer. The effectiveness of the method is examined by finite element modelling using the package ATILA, in the case of a 3 kHz aluminium shell transducer. Experimental results are also presented.     

宽体液腔Janus-Helmholtz换能器

该文使用有限元方法对宽体液腔Janus-Helmholtz(JH)换能器进行了仿真分析,得出了壳体宽度拓展增量对JH换能器工作性能的影响规律。使用三维建模的方式,分析了连接部分对换能器性能的影响及宽体壳体的模态,证明了三维建模的必要性。依据仿真优化结构设计了一款宽体液腔JH换能器并进行了湖上测试。最终测试结果与仿真结果有很好的一致性,相较直筒JH换能器其谐振频率降低300 Hz,发射电压响应最高可达144 dB。     

弓张式超磁致伸缩材料换能器的设计与分析

为了提高超磁致伸缩换能器的作动行程,以获得足够大的发音强度,并使之满足发音装置体积小、装配零件少的要求,结合超磁致伸缩材料（GMM）的优良特性,提出一种基于三角放大原理的弓张式GMM换能器。该换能器以GMM棒作为驱动元件,通过固定弓张结构的一端,将双向输出转变为单向输出,同时利用柔性铰链结构,进一步增大换能器的位移输出。通过分析换能器的工作原理,计算得到其理论放大倍数为2.73,与所建立的有限元仿真模型计算得到的放大倍数2.8相近。制作了试验样机并搭建了相应的试验系统,得到在1 kHz范围内换能器最大输出位移为15.5 m,与仿真结果14.058 m相近。提出的弓张结构实现了换能器的位移放大,相应的分析方法也较好地反映了换能器的输出特性。     

HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF CORRUGATED CYLINDRICAL PIEZOELECTRIC SHELLS

Coupled extensional and flexural cylindrical vibrations of a corrugated cylindrical piezoelectric shell consisting of multiple pieces of circular cylindrical surfaces smoothly connected along their generatrix are studied. To validate the results for the case of relatively thick shells or equivalently high-frequency modes with short wavelengths, existing analysis is extended by considering shear deformation and rotatory inertia. An analytical solution is obtained. Based on the solution, resonant frequencies and mode shapes are calculated.     

多层铁电陶瓷击穿分析及优化

建立了多层串联PZT95/5爆电换能组件3维数值模型,对固化封装条件下陶瓷介质击穿问题进行了计算分析,计算结果表明：在不改动器件外部结构尺寸条件下,采用等厚度PZT95/5叠片结构布局对进一步提高输出电压方面存在瓶颈。为克服上述影响以及降低爆电换能组件击穿概率,提出了PZT95/5铁电陶瓷非等厚度布局解决方案。为实现上述设想,通过引入不等式约束条件计算得到一组非等厚度优化布局,将爆电换能组件所用PZT95/5铁电陶瓷数量减至19片,同时有效实现该布局下,各片PZT95/5陶瓷电压均低于对应厚度击穿电压的优化目标。     

Properties of cat-eye modulating retro-reflector and its application with piezoelectric transducer

Piezoelectric cat-eye modulating retro-reflector (MRR) is the core component of an acousto-optic retro-identification system. The influence of the optical parameters (link distance l, lens focal length f and the detector diameter r) to the cat-eye effect was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A piezoelectric cat-eye retro-identification (PCERI) system was built, and an information transmission ratio of 2 kHz was achieved which can satisfy an access control system.     

基于超磁致伸缩材料的光纤光栅调谐范围研究

研究了基于超磁致伸缩材料实现对光纤布拉格光栅的动态调谐这一方案理论上可获得的最大调谐范围．利用超磁致伸缩换能器的输出特性,进行了超磁致伸缩换能器用于光纤布拉格光栅调谐的实验研究．分析了实验中影响可获得调谐范围的各种因素,如实际可获得的超磁致伸缩材料的特性、光纤布拉格光栅的特性以及换能器结构的设计．进一步讨论了在理论界限的前提下改进该方案可获得调谐范围的措施,并以施加预应力为例进行了实验验证．结果表明,通过给予超磁致伸缩材料合适的预应力,可以较明显地改善最大调谐范围．     

A simple,corrosion-resistant flow cell for laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopic detection of high-performance liquid chromatography effluents

Summary A simple, corrosion-resistant and non-destructive flow cell optimized for laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopic detection of HPLC effluents is described. The characteristics and analytical figures of merit of the flow cell are presented. Application of the flow cell to the detection of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC effluent is demonstrated. Limits of detection were on the order of tenths of parts per million. Comparisons with the conventional UV absorbance detector and among various laser powers are discussed.