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1.
高速列车轴承可靠性评估关键力学参量研究进展   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
轴承是高速列车牵引传动和轮轴系统的关键零部件. 受列车运行过程中电机转矩、齿轮啮合以及轮轨随机激励的影响,轴承可能发生疲劳破坏, 严重影响高速列车的行车安全.我国特有的复杂运用条件对轴承部件的疲劳性能提出了更高的要求,而轴承疲劳可靠性的基础理论和关键技术是我国轴承正向设计研发中的薄弱环节.可靠性评估方面的相关研究在解决轴承可靠性研究的瓶颈问题中起到了承上启下的关键作用.高速列车轴承可靠性评估手段与技术旨在获得使用环境中轴承可靠性评估的关键力学参量,并以此推动复杂激励下轴承疲劳可靠性理论研究. 因此,需要哪些关键力学参量并且在复杂的实际使用环境下如何去获取这些力学参量是进行高速列车轴承可靠性评估的关键所在.本文首先概述了高速列车轴承所处的复杂使用环境及运用中的主要失效模式,并据此分析了高速列车轴承可靠性评估所需的关键力学参量,强调了轴承内部滚滑行为和载荷分布在可靠性评估和轴承状态监测中的重要作用,之后从计算模型和测试技术等方面系统阐述了针对这两个关键力学参量的研究进展.最后提出了在高速列车轴承可靠性评估关键力学参量特征及测试技术研究中值得关注的若干问题.   相似文献   
2.
武强  张庆明  龚自正  任思远  刘海 《爆炸与冲击》2021,41(2):021406-1-021406-9
以二级轻气炮作为加载手段,针对以PTFE/Al活性材料为防护屏的Whipple防护结构,开展不同弹丸尺寸、不同碰撞速度的超高速撞击实验。利用激光阴影照相设备,获得并分析了碎片云特性;通过回收的防护结构靶板,研究了活性材料防护结构超高速撞击条件下的后板损伤特性;通过与经典Christiansen撞击极限方程对比,获得活性材料Whipple结构防护性能,并拟合得到新型防护结构的撞击极限曲线。结果表明,相较于同面密度铝合金材料,活性材料超高速撞击条件下的冲击起爆反应使得碎片云中具有侵彻能力的碎片大幅减少,从而显著提升航天器的防护能力,撞击速度为2.31 km/s时最大可提升45%。  相似文献   
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Pesticides are substances or mixtures used to prevent, control, and reduce harmful organisms, are divided into various groups as carbamates, organophosphates, organochlorines, pyrethroids, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Uncontrolled and long-term use of pesticides has become an important issue that causes environmental pollution and health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective sensors to determine pesticides in various samples. Electrochemical techniques stand out with high sensitivity, easy application, low cost, and user-friendliness, among other analysis techniques such as spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, carbon nanomaterials are advantageous materials for the sensor design as modification agents due to their unique electrical, physical, electrocatalytic, and chemical features. In this review, the most significant studies on the electroanalysis of pesticides (e.g., carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, malathion, methyl parathion, paraoxon) using carbon-based nanosensors in the last five years are overviewed. In addition, electrochemical methods and the carbon nanomaterials used in these studies are also evaluated.  相似文献   
5.
通过三点弯动态冲击实验和数值模拟方法,研究了分支交错层状仿生复合材料的动态断裂韧性。首先设计并制备了分支交错层状仿贝壳复合材料试样,即将一种脆性刚性材料和一种橡胶类材料分别作为复合材料的硬质层和软胶层;随后采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置进行了三点弯冲击实验;接着讨论了初始冲击速度、硬质材料长宽比、软质材料层厚度对复合材料试样动态断裂行为的影响;最后采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟,研究了不同宽度和不同冲击方向对复合材料试样动态断裂韧性和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明:随着冲击速度和硬质材料长宽比增加、软胶层厚度减小,裂纹越倾向于沿直线扩展,反之,裂纹越倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层呈折线扩展;试样的峰值动载荷和起裂时间也随之增大。有限元模拟结果表明:随着结构总宽度的增大,试样断裂韧性增加,裂纹倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层扩展;采用实验设计的冲击方向时,试样的断裂韧性高于其他方向。  相似文献   
6.
This study reports a deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-DLLME) to extract aromatic amines (4-chloroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 2-naphtylamine) in environmental water samples before their HPLC-UV determination. The hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by mixing bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor. Affecting factors on the extraction of the aromatic amines were investigated and optimized. Optimum conditions were: DES type: BHHP-Ph ratio: 1 to 2; pH of solution: 8.0; DES volume: 80 µL, salt amount: 10% (w/v). Under optimum conditions, the developed method showed a wide linear range of 0.2–200 µg L?1 (R2 ≥ 0.99) with satisfactory recoveries (≥90.0%). The limit of detections (LODs) and limit of quantifications (LOQs) were in the range of 0.07–0.17 µg L?1 and 0.2–0.5 µg L?1, respectively. The enrichment factors were 170, 180 and 190 for 4-chloroaninile, 3-nitroaniline, 2-naphtylamine, respectively. Based on obtained results, the proposed method is straightforward, efficient, sensitive, and eco-friendly for the extracting and determining of the aromatic amines in environmental water samples.  相似文献   
7.
Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
8.
Large amounts of flowback and produced water (FPW) have been generated from hydraulic fracturing process for the production of unconventional gas such as shale gas. Complex organic pollutants are abundantly present in FPW with revealed toxicity to aquatic organisms and these contaminants may transfer into surrounding aquatic environment. Characterization and determination of complicated organic pollutants in FPW remains a challenge due to its complex composition and high salinity matrix. This review article covers the progress of recent 5 years regarding the sample preparation and instrumental analysis methods and thus summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods for critical analysis of organic contaminants in FPW samples. Furthermore, the natural distribution of detected organic compounds and their transformation were reviewed and discussed to enhance the understanding of spatial and temporal behaviors of these organic pollutants in natural environment, paving the way for future development of pollution control policies and strategies. Enlightened by the studies of FPW contamination in the US, the investigations of FPW contamination in China continued to grow due to rapidly growing production of shale gas in China and resulted pollution.  相似文献   
9.
Zhongyu Shi 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):54701-054701
The phenomenon of droplet impact on an immiscible liquid is encountered in a variety of scenarios in nature and industrial production. Despite exhaustive research, it is not fully clear how the immiscibility of the liquid on which a droplet impacts affects the crown evolution. The present work experimentally investigates the evolution kinematics of a crown formed by the normal impact of a camellia oil droplet on an immiscible water layer. Based on discussion of dynamic impact behaviors for three critical Weber numbers (We), the radius of the crown and its average spreading velocity are compared with those of previous theoretical models to discuss their applicability to the immiscible liquid. The evolution kinematics (morphology and velocity) are analyzed by considering the effects of the We and layer thickness. Furthermore, the ability of crown expansion in radial and vertical directions is characterized by a velocity ratio. The results show that our experimental crown radius still follows a square-root function of evolution time, which agrees with the theoretical predictions. The dimensionless average spreading velocity decreases with We and follows a multivariate power law, while the dimensionless average rising velocity remains constant. The velocity ratio is shown to linearly increase with We, demonstrating that the rising movement in crown evolution gradually enhances with We. These results are helpful for further investigation on the droplet impact on an immiscible liquid layer.  相似文献   
10.
建立科学、有效、准确的空气质量预测系统,对于保护人们的身体健康和促进社会的和谐稳定具有重要的科学价值和实际意义。研究聚焦化工园区,基于物联网背景下企业排放实时数据,融合气象信息,采用多种有监督式机器学习(决策树、多元线性回归、Lasso回归、支持向量机、Xgboost、梯度提升机、Light GBM、MLP(多层感知觉神经网络))及改进的集成学习Stacking策略实现化工园区空气质量的预测,并识别影响大气污染的关键因素。结果表明:(1)Stacking策略下的预测框架与单模型预测结果相比有统计学意义上的显著提升。(2)在Stacking策略中,初级、次级学习器的选择策略影响预测的精度和泛化性,最佳模式为初级采用强学习器,次级使用线性模型。(3)在同一园区、不同企业污染物不同排放口对空气质量影响不同,研究结论可为政府监管部门对化工园区的治理和管控提供决策支持。  相似文献   
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