Dynamical analysis,circuit realization,and application in pseudorandom number generators of a fractional-order laser chaotic system

A new five-dimensional fractional-order laser chaotic system (FOLCS) is constructed by incorporating complex variables and fractional calculus into a Lorentz-Haken-type laser system. Dynamical behavior of the system, circuit realization and application in pseudorandom number generators are studied. Many types of multi-stable states are discovered in the system. Interestingly, there are two types of state transition phenomena in the system, one is the chaotic state degenerates to a periodical state, and the other is the intermittent chaotic oscillation. In addition, the complexity of the system when two parameters change simultaneously is measured by the spectral entropy algorithm. Moreover, a digital circuit is design and the chaotic oscillation behaviors of the system are verified on this circuit. Finally, a pseudo-random sequence generator is designed using the FOLCS, and the statistical characteristics of the generated pseudo-random sequence are tested with the NIST-800-22. This study enriches the research on the dynamics and applications of FOLCS.     

A quantum circuit design of AES requiring fewer quantum qubits and gate operations

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays, and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001. Here we design AES-128 and the sample-AES (S-AES) quantum circuits for deciphering. In the quantum circuit of AES-128, we perform an affine transformation for the SubBytes part to solve the problem that the initial state of the output qubits in SubBytes is not the |0>^⊗8 state. After that, we are able to encode the new round sub-key on the qubits encoding the previous round sub-key, and this improvement reduces the number of qubits used by 224 compared with Langenberg et al.’s implementation. For S-AES, a complete quantum circuit is presented with only 48 qubits, which is already within the reach of existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.     

Theoretical studies of photovoltaic properties of five new silol dithiophene based D2-A-D1-A-D2 donors

Organic solar cell of silol dithiophene based D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂/PC₇₁BM (D: donor part; A: acceptor part; 1 and 2 denote different units) possesses promising power conversion efficiency. Researchers have studied D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ molecules carefully, including the effects of the different number of terminal thiophenes, the different central moiety (D₁), and the length of the alkyl chain. However, there are few investigations, especially theoretical studies, on the influences of different A (acceptor) units on the properties of D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ molecule. In the present work, we have designed and modeled five new D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ (D₂ = bithiophene and D₁ = silol dithiophene) donors by changing A units (A = diketopyrrolopyrrole, naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole, 5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, benzobisthiadiazole, and thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole). We have applied density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT to predict their ground-state electronic structures and the UV–vis spectra, and the open circuit voltages (Vocs) of organic solar cells of D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂/PC₇₁BM. Based on the calculated results, we find that bithiophene thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole siloldithiophene (BTTS) (D₂ = bithiophene, A = thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, D₁ = silol dithiophene) possesses the highest lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (−2.60 eV) and the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital (−5.33 eV) energies, and the strongest absorption in the visible region. Besides, the solar cell of BTTS/PC₇₁BM has the highest Voc of 1.02 V. These results indicate that it may be a promising donor. In contrast, bithiophene benzobisthiadiazole siloldithiophene (BBBS) (A = benzobisthiadiazole) has low absorption strength in the visible region, which indicates that it may not be a suitable donor material.     

A survey on HHL algorithm: From theory to application in quantum machine learning

The Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm is a method to solve the quantum linear system of equations that may be found at the core of various scientific applications and quantum machine learning models including the linear regression, support vector machines and recommender systems etc. After reviewing the necessary background on elementary quantum algorithms, we provide detailed account of how HHL is exploited in different quantum machine learning (QML) models, and how it provides the desired quantum speedup in all these models. At the end, we briefly discuss some of the remaining challenges ahead for HHL-based QML models and related methods.     

对史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光光栅的研究

为了研究史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光的输出频率和光栅槽深、光栅槽长、光栅槽宽的关系,对于基于矩形光栅的史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光利用粒子模拟软件进行模拟和理论分析。首先,利用粒子模拟软件模拟对于基于矩形光栅的史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光进行了研究,发现史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光的输出频率随光栅槽深、光栅槽长、光栅槽宽的增大而减少。接着,对史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光的光栅槽进行了理论分析,发现每个光栅槽都可以等效为一个LC谐振电路,并发现在史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光中存在两种辐射,一种是史密斯-帕塞尔辐射,另一种是LC振荡辐射。最后,对光栅槽的LC振荡辐射进行了估算,发现史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光输出频率的模拟值与光栅槽的LC振荡辐射估算值的数量级均为102 GHz,且变化规律上一致。据此推测决定史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光输出频率的应该是光栅槽,而不是谐振腔。     

Printed Circuit Board-Based Electrolyte Regulator for Laminar Microfluidics

The trench on a printed circuit board was reconstructed to fabricate a microfluidic framework that allows low-cost production for small quantities and integration with multifunctional elements. An on-chip electrolyte regulator was thus proposed on this platform to analyze diffusion properties in laminar flow. A numerical model was developed, highlighting the interplay between the electrolyte migration and hydrodynamic properties. Solutions with dissolved sodium chloride were simulated and experimentally tested for the regulation of electrical conductivity under the guidance of the normalized Nernst-Planck equation. The diffusion mechanism and the resulting concentration field were demonstrated in detail. This approach provides a satisfactory manufacturing method and a useful tool for integrated microfluidic systems.     

Solid Contact Ion-selective Electrodes on Printed Circuit Board with Membrane Displacement

Multiplexed solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) are fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) and mesoporous carbon black (MCB) as ion-to-electron transducer (solid contact). Four sensor configurations were examined and showed that in addition to MCB, the sensor configuration plays crucial role in the stability of the potential response. The enhanced sensor stability was also linked with suppression of transmembrane flux of water. The sensors exhibited near-Nernstian sensitivity (58.1 mV/dec for K⁺ ISEs and −55.1 mV/dec for NO₃^- ISEs), low detection limits (1.5–2.2 μM), and good short-term stability (∼0.1 mV/min). Sensors can be stored dry and used without preconditioning. This work demonstrates a promising approach to combining PCB technology and carbon black for large-scale production of low cost ISEs for point-of-care testing, wearables, or in situ field measurements.     

印刷有机数字电路及应用

印刷有机电子技术是基于印刷原理的有机电子器件制造技术,是指将有机电子材料配制成功能性油墨,用印刷方式来制造电子器件与系统的方法,其发展涉及到材料化学、微电子学等多个学科方面的知识。其独特的制造方式和器件形态具有柔性、低成本、大面积制造等优势,并且与传统硅基电子器件在应用场合上形成了互补,在生物传感、电子皮肤、柔性显示等领域展示出优势。为了及时跟进这一快速发展的领域,对领域的发展有宏观的把握,本文从印刷技术和电路系统的角度进行了全面概述,介绍了喷墨打印、丝网印刷和转印印刷等印刷技术和基于印刷技术制备的有机数字电路(反相器、与非门、环形振荡器、D触发器),以及实现功能化的印刷电子应用(RFID、电子皮肤、OLED显示驱动背板等);最后,对本领域目前存在的问题和未来发展方向做了简要探讨。     

Computer Simulation Study on Adsorption and Conformation of Polymer Chains Driven by External Force

In this work, Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the critical adsorption behaviors of flexible polymer chains under the action of an external driving force F parallel to an attractive flat surface. The critical adsorption temperature T_c decreases linearly with increasing F,indicating that the driving force suppresses the adsorption of polymer. The conformation of polymer is also affected by the driving force.However, the effect of F is dependent on the competition between the driving force and temperature. Under strong force or at low temperature,the polymer is stretched along the direction of the force, while under weak force or at high temperature, the polymer is not stretched. When the force is comparable to the temperature, the polymer may be stretched perpendicular to the driving force, and below T_c, we observe conformational transitions from parallel to perpendicular and again to parallel by decreasing the temperature. We found that the perpendicular stretched conformation leads the polymer chain to synchronously move along the direction of the driving force. Moreover, the conformational transitions are attributed to the competition and cooperation between the driving force and the temperature.     

ORSIS – News and further developments

The paper deals with the simulation program Off Road Systems Interactive Simulation (ORSIS) which is the w,orldwide leading simulation tool for off road driving of wheeled vehicles. Even though the present state of development allows a very realistic simulation of the man–vehicle–terrain system, there is continuous further improvement in the computer program’s detail. Some of the recent innovations integrated into the program are presented in this paper. These examples were chosen in a way that the scope of the further developments can be demonstrated. They represent three main directions of the work carried out: the refining of the tire–soil-model, the integration of new technologies and subsystems into the vehicle model and the improvement of the man–machine–interface especially in driving simulators.The first part of the paper describes a further development of the tire–soil-model. A significant improvement has been achieved to include the influence of slippery surfaces on traction in combination with the tire tread pattern. Results from finite element method (FEM) as well as real measurements were used to build up an approach, which qualitatively allows the influence of the positive–negative portion of the tire tread and the lug height of the tire tread on traction to be considered. The basic idea is very simple and straightforward. Moreover the calculation costs are very low, so the enhancement does not affect real time operation.In the second part a physical model for the central tire inflation system (CTIS) is presented. With this model it is possible to simulate the complete pneumatic system of a CTIS, including the air compressor with an accumulator, the pressure line and the wheel valves. The components are modelled by their physical parameters, so an adaptation to different existing tire-pressure-control-systems (TPC) can be made. The paper presents a short review of the modelling and a first validation using real measurements. Furthermore the influence of each parameter, e.g. the discharge flow of the compressor on the inflation time, is presented.The third part of the paper describes a further development of the visualization system. The ORSIS OpenGL graphic engine was separated from the main ORSIS simulation and can be run on different PCs controlled via a network. It is therefore possible to build up very cheap multi-channel visualization systems using consumer PCs running under LinuX. The fact that ORSIS itself is running on a normal PC allows the assembly of comparatively cheap driving simulators of a high end simulation quality.