基于Kronecker型替换的黑盒多项式稀疏插值

本文基于新的Kronecker型替换,给出两个由黑盒表示的稀疏多项式的新确定性插值算法.令f∈R[x1,……,xn]是一个稀疏黑盒多项式,其次数上界为D.当R是C或者是有限域时,相对于已有算法,新算法具有更好的计算复杂度或者关于D的复杂度更低.特别地,对于一般黑盒模型,D是复杂度中的主要因素,而在所有的确定性算法中,本文的第二个算法的复杂度关于D是最低的.     

CCSD(T) study on the structures and chemical bonds of AnO molecules (An = Bk–Lr)

The molecular geometries and dissociation energies of AnO (An = Bk–Lr) molecules were first obtained at thecoupled-cluster single-, double-, and perturbative triple-excitations [CCSD(T)] level of theory. Four hybrid functionals,B3LYP, M06-2X, TPSSh, and PBE0, were also employed in the calculations for the sake of comparison. In comparison ofthe CCSD(T) results, B3LYP, TPSSh, and PBE0 functionals can obtain more appropriate results than M06-2X and MP2.The analyses on molecular orbitals show that the 7s, 6d, and 5f atomic orbitals of actinide (An) atoms participate in thebonding of An–O bonds. The partial covalent nature between An and O atoms is revealed by QTAIM analyses.     

有耗介质层上多导体传输线的电磁耦合时域分析方法

目前,针对空间电磁场作用有耗介质层上传输线的电磁耦合,仍缺乏有效的数值分析方法.因此,本文提出一种高效的时域混合算法,很好地解决了有耗介质层上传输线电磁耦合建模难的问题.首先,对经典传输线方程进行改进,推导了适用于有耗介质层上多导体传输线电磁耦合分析的修正传输线方程.然后,结合时域有限差分方法和相应插值技术,求解修正传输线方程,获得多导线及其端接负载上的电压和电流响应,并实现空间电磁场辐射与多导线瞬态响应的同步计算.最后,通过相应计算实例的数值模拟,与CST软件的仿真结果进行对比,验证了时域混合算法的正确性和高效性.     

稀有气体二聚体基准集NgD×15构建及其对DFT方法的评价

基准集是训练和评价量子化学计算方法的重要工具,稀有气体二聚体Ng_2作为重要的弱色散体系,目前为止仍没有一个较为完整、精确的基准集,最近Head Gordon研究组发表MGCD84数据库时,其RG10基准集仍沿用了Tang-Toennies经验势.本文首先以He_2为例,证明了在CCSD(T)水平,使用中点键函数{6s6p6d3f2g1h}的aug-cc-pV5Z基组收敛性;并在CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV5Z-{6s6p6d3f2g1h}水平下,经BSSE均衡校正后,获得了He_2至Rn_2全部同核稀有气体二聚体的15点相互作用势,构建了NgD×15基准集.并以此为标准,重新评价了目前常用的DFT的非局域和色散校正方法.总体上,非局域校正的精度较D3色散校正高,ωB97X-V及ωB97X-rV两种方法是该体系最优性价比的DFT-NL方法.     

Boron-doping induced lithophilic transition of graphene for dendrite-free lithium growth

Li metal,possessing advantages of high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential,is regarded as the most promising anode material for next-generation batteries.However,despite decades of intensive research,its practical application is still hindered by safety hazard and low Coulombic efficiency,which is primarily caused by dendritic Li deposition.To address this issue,restraining dendrite growth at the nucleation stage is deemed as the most effective method.By utilizing the difference of electronegativity between boron atoms and carbon atoms,carbon atoms around boron atoms in boron-doped graphene(BG)turn into lithiophilic sites,which can enhance the adsorption capacity to Li⁺at the nucleation stage.Consequently,an ultralow overpotential of 10 mV at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm² and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.54%over more than 140 cycles with an areal capacity of 2 mAh/cm² at a current density of 1 m A/cm² were achieved.BG-Li|LiFePO₄ full cells delivered a long lifespan of480 cycles at 0.5 C and excellent rate capability.This work provides a novel method for rational design of dendrite-free Li metal batteries by regulating nucleation process.     

固体核磁共振结合密度泛函理论计算研究SSZ-39分子筛的钠离子落位与铝分布

具有AEI结构的SSZ-39分子筛的骨架外阳离子落位和铝分布对其催化性能影响显著.AEI笼中有三个结晶学不等价位，且铝取代T位具有一定的倾向性.本文结合固体核磁共振（NMR）技术（²⁷Al/²³Na MQ MAS NMR），以及密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，研究了不同硅铝比Na-SSZ-39分子筛中的Na⁺落位和铝分布.在孤立铝分布的情况下，铝原子优先占据于T3位，Na⁺主要落位于AEI笼中的SIIa0和SIII'a0位点上，其中SIII'a0位点的优先度较高，此外少部分Na⁺还落位于六棱柱内部的SIa0.当铝对存在时，AlSiSiAl分布的铝对占据六元环的对位（T3-T3），对应的Na⁺分别落位于SIIa1和SⅢ'a1位点.随着分子筛结构的部分破坏，游离的Na⁺可能形成明显的SIII'b位点.本文可加深对SSZ-39分子筛构效关系的理解，为更好地调控催化性能奠定基础.     

单斜ZnP2负极材料的锂化机理及性能

过渡金属磷化物电位低且比容量高, 是有发展前景的锂离子电池(LIBs)负极材料. 其中, ZnP₂属于双活性负极材料, Zn与P都能与Li⁺发生反应, 储Li⁺性能更具有竞争力. 但是, 对于ZnP₂的锂化机理及产物尚不明确. 采用第一性原理计算和电化学测试方法研究了ZnP₂的电子性质和电化学性能, 通过理论计算和实验测试相结合阐述了ZnP₂的锂化机制. 首先, 以密度泛函理论(DFT)计算揭示了ZnP₂的锂化机理、Li⁺扩散路径、势垒和理论比容量(1477 mAh/g). 其次, 通过直流电弧等离子体法及固相烧结法合成ZnP₂, 并测试其首圈放电曲线, 显示放电容量为1439 mAh/g, 与理论计算结果相近. 此外, 薄膜X射线衍射(XRD)检测最终产物成分为LiZn和Li₃P, 与DFT计算结果一致.     

A DFT study of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrochemical reduction on Pb(211) and Sn(112)

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 has the benefit of turning greenhouse gas emissions into useful resources. We performed a comparative study of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on stepped Pb(211) and Sn(112) surfaces based on the results of density functional theory slab calculations. We mapped out the potential energy profiles for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate and other possible products on both surfaces. Our results show that the first step is the formation of the adsorbed formate(HCOO*) species through an Eley-Rideal mechanism. The formate species can be reduced to HCOO- through a oneelectron reduction in basic solution, which produces formic acid as the predominant product. The respective potentials of forming HCOO* are predicted to be -0.72 and -0.58 V on Pb and Sn. Higher overpotentials make other reaction pathways accessible, leading to different products. On Sn(112), CO and CH4 can be generated at -0.65 V following formate formation. In contrast, the limiting potential to access alternative reaction channels on Pb(211) is -1.33 V, significantly higher than that of Sn.