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1.
A CE instrument that can be assembled from commercially available components with minimal construction effort is described. Except for the electronic control circuitry no specially made parts are required. It is based on a flexible design of microfluidic, electropneumatic, and electronic sections and different configurations can easily be implemented. Automated injection into the capillary is performed hydrodynamically by the application of a pressure for a controlled length of time. The performance of the device was tested with a contactless conductivity detector by separating different metal ions. In addition, nine metal cations related to the quality of honey were separated in 2.3 min and four honey samples were analysed quantitatively to demonstrate the applicability of the method. 相似文献
2.
《Current Applied Physics》2020,20(1):172-177
Doping is a widely-implemented strategy for enhancing the inherent electrical properties of metal oxide charge transport layers in photovoltaic devices because higher conductivity of electron transport layer (ETL) can increment the photocurrent by reducing the series resistance. To improve the conductivity of ETL, in this study we doped the ZnO layer with aluminum (Al), then investigated the influence of AZO on the performance of inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells based on poly [[4,8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-[3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]-thieno-[3,4-b]thiophenediyl ]] (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The measured conductivity of AZO was ~10−3 S/cm, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of intrinsic ZnO (~10−5 S/cm). By decreasing the series resistance (Rs) in a device with an AZO layer, the short circuit current (Jsc) increased significantly from 15.663 mA/cm2 to 17.040 mA/cm2. As a result, the device with AZO exhibited an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.984%. 相似文献
3.
Electrically conductive polypropylene/graphite (PP/graphite) composites were prepared via blending granulated PP with maleic anhydride grafted PP and natural graphite. Electrical conductivity of prepared samples containing either 65, 70, or 75 wt% of graphite was measured and the most conductive sample containing 75 wt% of graphite was exposed to UV irradiation for 1 and 24 h or thermally treated at 170 °C for 1 h. The influence of thermal and UV exposure on the structural and electrical changes in such treated samples was studied. Local current measurements on the surface were made using scanning spreading resistance microscopy and morphology of the surface was studied by atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopy were also used for the structural characterization. Properties of treated and untreated samples are compared and differences are discussed. 相似文献
4.
采用溶胶凝胶法制备Gd0.2Ce0.8O3-δ +0.05%(质量分数)SiO2(GDCSi)电解质。在GDCSi体系中加入Fe2O3及MgO可达到降低烧结温度的同时提高晶界电导率,并减小杂质SiO2对氧离子在晶界处传输的阻碍的目的。将MgO和Fe2O3单掺杂或双掺杂在GDCSi体系中并对GDCSi基电解质的微观形貌及电性能进行研究。结果表明,所有样品主要由立方萤石结构相组成;物质的量分数4%MgO单掺杂的GDCSi-M、物质的量分数4%Fe2O3单掺杂的GDCSi-F以及物质的量分数2%MgO-物质的量分数2%Fe2O3共掺杂的GDCSi-MF均可促进GDCSi体系晶粒增长,降低晶粒间孔隙率,提高电解质的相对密度,降低晶粒电阻Rgi、晶界电阻Rgb及总电阻Rt;GDCSi-MF具有最高晶界电导率和总电导率,在400 ℃时GDCSi-MF的晶界电导率σgb和总电导率σt分别是GDCSi的10.41和1.82倍。 相似文献
5.
Nikita O. Shaparenko Nikolay B. Kompan'kov Marina G. Demidova Alexander I. Bulavchenko 《Electrophoresis》2020,41(18-19):1592-1599
The structure and conductivity of AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) solutions (2.5 × 10−4–2.5 × 10−1 M) in n-hexadecane-chloroform mixture at the chloroform concentration from 50 to 100 vol% were studied. The diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR study revealed that in the indicated range, the observed hydrodynamic diameter of micelles depends only on the AOT concentration and does not depend on the chloroform content. Molar fractions of free AOT molecules and those aggregated into micelles were calculated using the Lindman's law: at concentrations above 2.5 × 10−1 М, the solutions contain mostly the micelles, whereas at concentrations below 2.5 × 10−4 M, the solutions contain AOT molecules. The transition region contains both the AOT molecules and the micelles. Conductivity measurements were used to determine free charge carriers in the bulk of solutions and their contributions to conductivity. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Jiawei Zhang Dr. Daisuke Ishikawa Dr. Michael M. Koza Prof. Dr. Eiji Nishibori Dr. Lirong Song Dr. Alfred Q. R. Baron Prof. Dr. Bo B. Iversen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(13):e202218458
Loosely bonded (“rattling”) atoms with s2 lone pair electrons are usually associated with strong anharmonicity and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, yet their detailed correlation remains largely unknown. Here we resolve this correlation in thermoelectric InTe by combining chemical bonding analysis, inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering, and first principles phonon calculations. We successfully probe soft low-lying transverse phonons dominated by large In1+ z-axis motions, and their giant anharmonicity. We show that the highly anharmonic phonons arise from the dynamic lone pair expression with unstable occupied antibonding states induced by the covalency between delocalized In1+ 5s2 lone pair electrons and Te 5p states. This work pinpoints the microscopic origin of strong anharmonicity driven by rattling atoms with stereochemical lone pair activity, important for designing efficient materials for thermoelectric energy conversion. 相似文献
7.
《印度化学会志》2023,100(1):100857
Recently, the use of CZTS as the basis for other generation of low cost thin films solar cells has stimulated further researches. Its excellent p-type absorber nature, relatively high absorption coefficient and ideal energy band-gap of 1.5eV motivated these efforts. Additionally, CZTS consist of earth-abundant, cheap and non-toxic elements with very low manufacturing cost. Initially, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell device emerged but suffered limitations in further development because of rare indium and gallium in the device structure therefore, CZTS is recently preferred as an alternative to CIGS commercial solar cell absorber layer. In this work, solution mixture of CZTS and PVA was deposited on a substrate at temperature of 150 °C. Sensitive spray pyrolysis was used to grow the thin films where calculated amount of the precursor mixture was allowed to fall and be deposited on a heated substrate to form CZTS/PVA thin films. Subsequently, the thin film samples were annealed at a temperature of 200oCfor 1 h to achieving pure crystalline thin film formation. SEM, XRD analysis, Optical, Solid State properties and Raman analysis were studied. The XRD analysis showed that the thin films fell into the pure kesterite structure of CZTS. Results show that produced thin films exhibited higher absorption coefficient and optical conductivity than pure CZTS, 106 m?1 and 1014(S?1) against 104cm?1 and 1012(S?1) respectively. The band-gap is between 1.53eV and 1.73eV. Using a PVA concentration of 0.05 M yielded highest absorbance and optical conductivity with lowest real dielectric constant and transmittance. These improved optical, electrical and solid state properties suitably qualify these thin films as absorber layer material for solar cell applications. 相似文献
8.
Pei Chen Xi Su Chuanzhe Wang Dr. Guang Zhang Dr. Ting Zhang Prof. Gang Xu Prof. Long Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(40):e202306224
The emergence of two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) with pronounced electrical properties (e.g., high conductivity) has provided a novel platform for efficient energy storage, sensing, and electrocatalysis. Nevertheless, the limited availability of suitable ligands restricts the number of available types of 2D c-MOFs, especially those with large pore apertures and high surface areas are rare. Herein, we develop two new 2D c-MOFs (HIOTP-M, M=Ni, Cu) employing a large p-π conjugated ligand of hexaamino-triphenyleno[2,3-b:6,7-b′:10,11-b′′]tris[1,4]benzodioxin (HAOTP). Among the reported 2D c-MOFs, HIOTP-Ni exhibits the largest pore size of 3.3 nm and one of the highest surface areas (up to 1300 m2 g−1). As an exemplary application, HIOTP-Ni has been used as a chemiresistive sensing material and displays high selective response (405 %) and a rapid response (1.69 min) towards 10 ppm NO2 gas. This work demonstrates significant correlation linking the pore aperture of 2D c-MOFs to their sensing performance. 相似文献
9.
Miaolun Jiao Lixin Dai Hong-Rui Ren Mengtian Zhang Xiao Xiao Boran Wang Jinlong Yang Bilu Liu Guangmin Zhou Hui-Ming Cheng 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(20):e202301114
The development of flexible zinc-air batteries (FZABs) has attracted broad attention in the field of wearable electronic devices. Gel electrolyte is one of the most important components in FZABs, which is urgent to be optimized to match with Zn anode and adapt to severe climates. In this work, a polarized gel electrolyte of polyacrylamide-sodium citric (PAM-SC) is designed for FZABs, in which the SC molecules contain large amount of polarized −COO− functional groups. The polarized −COO− groups can form an electrical field between gel electrolyte and Zn anode to suppress Zn dendrite growth. Besides, the −COO− groups in PAM-SC can fix H2O molecules, which prevents water from freezing and evaporating. The polarized PAM-SC hydrogel delivers a high ionic conductivity of 324.68 mS cm−1 and water retention of 96.85 % after being exposed for 96 h. FZABs with the PAM-SC gel electrolyte exhibit long cycling life of 700 cycles at −40 °C, showing the application prospect under extreme conditions. 相似文献
10.
Dr. Amitosh Sharma Dr. Jaewoong Lim Seonghwan Lee Dr. Seungwan Han Dr. Junmo Seong Prof. Dr. Seung Bin Baek Prof. Dr. Myoung Soo Lah 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(29):e202302376
A few metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which typically use strong acids as proton sources, display superprotonic conductivity (≈10−1 S cm−1); however, they are rare due to the instability of MOFs in highly acidic conditions. For the first time, we report superprotonic conductivity using a moderately acidic guest, zwitterionic sulfamic acid (HSA), which is encapsulated in MOF-808 and MIL-101. HSA acts not only as a proton source but also as a proton-conducting medium due to its extensive hydrogen bonding ability and zwitterion effect. A new sustained concentration gradient method results in higher HSA encapsulation compared to conventional methods, producing 10HSA@MOF-808-(bSA)2 and 8HSA@MIL-101. These MOFs show impressive superprotonic conductivity of 2.47×10−1 and 3.06×10−1 S cm−1, respectively, at 85 °C and 98 % relative humidity, and maintain stability for 7 days. 相似文献