基于可见光波段的燃烧与未燃烧矸石分类方法研究

我国煤矿数量众多，分布广泛，大量堆积的煤矸石对矿区环境造成严重影响，其中部分煤矸石处理不当可能引发自燃和爆炸，对矿区安全构成直接威胁。根据煤矸石的燃烧状态可以分为燃烧矸石和未燃烧矸石两类，其存在的安全隐患和对环境的危害性有所不同，同时其综合利用的途径亦不相同。因此，对煤矸石进行燃烧矸石和未燃烧矸石的分类识别与监测就显得尤为重要。目前的监测方法主要为实地勘查调研，其效率低、成本高，难以满足煤矸石监测的实际需求。选择辽宁省铁法矿区作为研究区，首先从矿区矸石山现场采集典型的煤矸石样本106个；然后，利用SVC HR1024光谱仪测试其可见光-近红外光谱，分析燃烧和未燃烧矸石的光谱特征，并基于可见光波段构建光谱指数NDGI，用于识别燃烧矸石和未燃烧矸石。选择实验室测试的光谱数据和实际卫星遥感数据对该指数进行了验证，并与随机森林法进行对比。结果显示：在350～760 nm燃烧矸石光谱曲线斜率整体较高，在550～630 nm反射率存在陡升现象，而未燃烧矸石在整个可见光波段光谱曲线斜率较低；以0.25作为NDGI指数阈值，可以很好地将燃烧矸石和未燃烧矸石区分开来，实验室样本验证结果显示，NDGI指数的分类精度可达99.1%，高于随机森林分类法的95.2%；现场的验证结果表明，使用铁法矿区的landsat8 OLI数据，并基于NDGI指数对矿区内的矸石山进行燃烧和未燃烧区域识别划分，所提取的燃烧和未燃烧矸石在形态和大小上与Google Earth具有很好地一致性，表明该指数对于矸石的燃烧状态具有很好识别效果。在上述研究基础上，分别取燃烧和未燃烧矸石进行矿物鉴定，通过对比矸石燃烧前后矿物种类的变化，分析造成燃烧和未燃烧矸石的光谱特征差异的原因。结果表明：燃烧使矸石中的Fe2+被氧化为Fe3+。Fe3+的大量增加造成光谱曲线在550nm处形成明显的波谷特征，在整个燃烧过程中生成的玻璃质在750nm处形成高反射率，二者综合造成燃烧和未燃烧矸石的NDGI指数差异。研究结果为煤矿区燃烧和未燃烧矸石的区分识别提供了一种快速、高效、较为准确的实用方法。     

Code2vect: An efficient heterogenous data classifier and nonlinear regression technique

The aim of this paper is to present a new classification and regression algorithm based on Artificial Intelligence. The main feature of this algorithm, which will be called Code2Vect, is the nature of the data to treat: qualitative or quantitative and continuous or discrete. Contrary to other artificial intelligence techniques based on the “Big-Data,” this new approach will enable working with a reduced amount of data, within the so-called “Smart Data” paradigm. Moreover, the main purpose of this algorithm is to enable the representation of high-dimensional data and more specifically grouping and visualizing this data according to a given target. For that purpose, the data will be projected into a vectorial space equipped with an appropriate metric, able to group data according to their affinity (with respect to a given output of interest). Furthermore, another application of this algorithm lies on its prediction capability. As it occurs with most common data-mining techniques such as regression trees, by giving an input the output will be inferred, in this case considering the nature of the data formerly described. In order to illustrate its potentialities, two different applications will be addressed, one concerning the representation of high-dimensional and categorical data and another featuring the prediction capabilities of the algorithm.     

Equivalences among Z2s-linear Hadamard codes

The ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}$-additive codes are subgroups of ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}^n$, and can be seen as a generalization of linear codes over ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ and ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$. A ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}$-linear Hadamard code is a binary Hadamard code which is the Gray map image of a ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}$-additive code. A partial classification of these codes by using the dimension of the kernel is known. In this paper, we establish that some ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}$-linear Hadamard codes of length $2^t$ are equivalent, once $t$ is fixed. This allows us to improve the known upper bounds for the number of such nonequivalent codes. Moreover, up to $t=11$, this new upper bound coincides with a known lower bound (based on the rank and dimension of the kernel). Finally, when we focus on $s\in \{2,3\}$, the full classification of the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2^s}$-linear Hadamard codes of length $2^t$ is established by giving the exact number of such codes.     

危险化学品家族

The dangerous chemicals are special chemicals. They are very important to human being though they are dangerous generally. In this paper, we will vividly introduce the family of dangerous chemicals and classification so that readers can better understand them.     

Data fusion methodologies for food and beverage authentication and quality assessment – A review

The ever increasing interest of consumers for safety, authenticity and quality of food commodities has driven the attention towards the analytical techniques used for analyzing these commodities. In recent years, rapid and reliable sensor, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques have emerged that, together with multivariate and multiway chemometrics, have improved the whole control process by reducing the time of analysis and providing more informative results. In this progression of more and better information, the combination (fusion) of outputs of different instrumental techniques has emerged as a means for increasing the reliability of classification or prediction of foodstuff specifications as compared to using a single analytical technique. Although promising results have been obtained in food and beverage authentication and quality assessment, the combination of data from several techniques is not straightforward and represents an important challenge for chemometricians. This review provides a general overview of data fusion strategies that have been used in the field of food and beverage authentication and quality assessment.     

On classification of four-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras

Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper, we give the classification of four-dimensional non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms and some other techniques to obtain our result.     

Identification of key classification features of early cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Despite the tremendous progress in molecular analysis of pan-cancer, little is known regarding molecular classification of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we adopted a multi-omics approach to identify potential key classification features of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Specifically, we analyzed mRNA, and microRNA (miRNA) expression data, as well as DNA methylation and copy number variation in cervical squamous cell carcinoma cases, using datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Moreover, we identified molecules in each dimension, as well as integrated and clustered filtered classification features, and used them to distinguish different subtypes. The resulting key classification features were used to establish a classification model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Our results revealed two cervical squamous cell carcinoma subtypes, with significant differences across clinical survival levels, as well as 8 key classification features of cervical squamous cell carcinomas. These findings are expected to provide important references for early classification of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and identification of classification markers.     

On the Range of Certain ASH Algebras of Real Rank Zero*

In this paper, the authors consider the range of a certain class of ASH algebras in [An, Q., Elliott, G. A., Li, Z. and Liu, Z., The classification of certain ASH C*-algebras of real rank zero, J. Topol. Anal., 14(1), 2022, 183–202], which is under the scheme of the Elliott program in the setting of real rank zero C*-algebras. As a reduction theorem, they prove that all these ASH algebras are still the AD algebras studied in [Dadarlat, M. and Loring, T. A., Classifying C*-algebras via ordered, m...