SnSxSe2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备与表征

锡二硫族化合物可以通过改变硫和硒的含量来连续调控三元合金材料的带隙、载流子浓度等物理化学性质,在电子和光电子器件应用上具有巨大的潜力。本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术可控地制备了不同元素组分的SnS_xSe_2-x(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.0)单晶纳米片。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及拉曼光谱等手段对SnS_xSe_2-x纳米片进行了综合表征。结果表明本方法成功实现了元素百分比可调的SnS_xSe_2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备。重点研究了依赖于元素百分比的SnS_xSe_2-x的拉曼特征谱,实验结果与基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算得到的SnS_xSe_2-x的拉曼仿真谱高度吻合,理论计算结果较好地诠释了实验拉曼光谱发生变化的原因。本研究提供了一种元素百分比可调的三元SnS_xSe_2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备方法,同时对锡二硫族化合物的明确、无损识别提供了方案。     

双激光脉冲打靶形成Gd等离子体的极紫外光谱辐射

高端芯片制造所需要的极紫外光刻技术位于我国当前面临35项"卡脖子"关键核心技术之首.高转换效率的极紫外光源是极紫外光刻系统的重要组成部分.本文通过采用双激光脉冲打靶技术实现较强的6.7 nm极紫外光输出.首先,理论计算Gd¹⁸⁺—Gd²⁷⁺离子最外层4d壳层的4p-4d和4d-4f能级之间跃迁、以及Gd¹⁴⁺—Gd¹⁷⁺离子最外层4f壳层的4d-4f能级之间跃迁对波长为6.7 nm附近极紫外光的贡献.其后开展实验研究,结果表明,随着双脉冲之间延时的逐渐增加,波长为6.7 nm附近的极紫外光辐射强度呈现先减弱、后增加、之后再减弱的变化趋势,在双脉冲延时为100 ns处产生的极紫外光辐射最强.并且,在延时为100 ns处产生的光谱效率最高,相比于单脉冲激光产生的光谱效率提升了33%.此外,发现双激光脉冲打靶技术可以有效地减弱等离子体的自吸收效应,获得的6.7 nm附近极紫外光谱宽度均小于单激光脉冲打靶的情形,且在脉冲延时为30 ns时刻所产生的光谱宽度最窄,约为单独主脉冲产生极紫外光谱宽度的1/3.同时...     

金属衬底在石墨烯化学气相沉积生长中的作用

以过渡金属为催化衬底的化学气相沉积法(Chemical Vapor Deposition，CVD)已经可以制备与机械剥离样品相媲美的石墨烯，是实现石墨烯工业应用的关键技术之一。原子尺度理论研究能够帮助我们深刻理解石墨烯生长机理，为实验现象提供合理的解释，并有可能成为将来实验设计的理论指导。本文从理论计算的角度，总结了各种金属衬底在石墨烯CVD生长过程中的各种作用与相应的机理，包括在催化碳源裂解、降低石墨烯成核密度等，催化加快石墨烯快速生长，修复石墨烯生长过程中产生的缺陷，控制外延生长石墨烯的晶格取向，以及在降温过程中石墨烯褶皱与金属表面台阶束的形成过程等。在本文最后，我们对当前石墨烯生长领域中亟需解决的理论问题进行了深入探讨与展望。     

湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

Terahertz generation in quantum cascade structures by two-color deriving fields: An approach to reach inversion population via optical pumping

In this paper, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) design is proposed based on GaAs/AlGaAs material system, which simultaneously operates at three widely separated wavelengths (${\lambda }_1=11.1\mu m,{\lambda }_2=14.1\mu m$ and ${\lambda }_{THz}=60\mu m$). In the design, all the wavelength radiations are achieved by the engineering of the electronic spectrum via the quantum-well widths and the applied electric field in a single active region within a same waveguide. The mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths are obtained by adoption a dual-upper-state active region, and the proposed design aims to use both the mid-IR radiations as the coherent deriving fields to populate the upper THz lasing state to aid the THz-laser population inversion via optical pumping instead of direct electrical injection. A detailed analysis of electronic transport in the structure is carried out using a multi-level rate-equation model. The results show that the proposed structure offers an alternative approach to room temperature THz generation in QCLs.     

A general framework for describing photofission observables of actinides at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV

A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications, such as short-lived isotope production, nuclear waste disposal, and nuclear safeguards. However, the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited, and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes. In this study, a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides, including the mass yield distributions (MYD) and isobaric charge distributions (ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons (n_p) and prompt γ rays (γ_p). The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input. These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV, which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework. Finally, we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including ²³²Th, ^{235, 238}U and ²⁴⁰Pu. It is found that the ²³⁸U(γ, f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the ²³²Th(γ, f) reaction. In addition, the average multiplicity number of both n_p and γ_p increases with the average excitation energy.     

自掺杂SnO2微球的水热合成及其可见光催化性能

本研究采用水热法,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过控制n(Sn⁴⁺)/n(Sn²⁺)的数值,合成了由具有丰富氧空位的SnO₂纳米晶体组装成的微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-Vis漫反射光谱对SnO₂纳米微球进行表征分析,结果表明:在酸性水热条件和柠檬酸的螯合作用下,二氧化锡纳米晶体聚集形成微球;在Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺摩尔比例为3:7时,其微球尺寸最小,整体分散性较好;同时适量二价锡离子的掺杂使得该样品氧空位浓度达到最佳,氧空位的存在将使得样品光吸收范围拓展至可见光,因而该样品显示出较强的可见光催化效率,在8 min内完全降解甲基橙。     

微区X射线荧光成像技术在岩心分析中的应用

微区X射线荧光（Micro-XRF）分析技术是通过微小的X射线光束照射样品，对样品进行原位成分观测的无损分析手段之一，具有灵敏度高、速度快和准确性高的特点。采用微区X射线荧光光谱仪（M6 JETSTREAM）对安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床四段岩心样品进行面扫描，分析不同矿层共17种元素区域分布特征、空间分布规律及组合关系等，结果表明：（1）Cu和Fe两种成矿元素高值空间分布区域基本不重叠，S与Fe分布范围高度重叠，关系密切，微量元素Ni，Bi，Pb，Zn，Si，Na与Cu密切相关，而Ti，Al，K与Fe具有弱相关性；（2）垂向上，Fe元素含量随深度增加逐步增大，而Cu元素含量呈降低趋势，其他元素也随深度呈下降趋势；（3）元素分布受石炭纪中期海底喷流沉积成矿作用和岩浆热液成矿作用叠加改造作用明显；（4）该钻孔矿石矿物以磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿为主，垂向上组合规律明显，脉石矿物以石英、石榴子石和透辉石为主。该技术通过分析元素空间分布规律、相关性以及矿物组合和分配关系等可对元素富集和运移以及对矿床的成矿机制、成因模式等地质环境和地质过程提供新认识和新证据。结合矿床地球化学特征的分布模式，微量元素可作为寻找主矿种的指示元素，为深部找矿提供依据。此外，该技术能作为预分析技术快速筛选出感兴趣的信息和位置，为后期各种更高精度的微区分析提供不同尺度、不同层次的元素分布信息。     

Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated. Results show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen (oxygen-to-carbon ratio < 5.0%), the crystal quality of diamond is improved, and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed. With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5% to 20.0%, the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced. This change of hole concentration is also explained. Moreover, the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen, boron and oxygen complex structures (especially B₃O and B₄O) are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond, which results in increase of donor concentration. With further increase of ratio of O/C, the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration (the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%). This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen. The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration, which is applicable to electronic level of usage.     

Yb:CaF2–YF3 transparent ceramics ultrafast laser at dual gain lines

Yb³⁺:CaF₂-YF₃ transparent ceramics with excellent optical quality was successfully fabricated by hot-pressed method. Pulsed laser properties of this ceramics were investigated for the first time. Laser diode (LD) was applied as the pump source to generate a dual-wavelength mode-locked (ML) laser. The maximum average output power was 310 mW, which represents the highest output power of ultrafast calcium fluoride ceramic laser. The spectrum separated at 1048.9 nm and 1049.7 nm with a total pulse duration of 8.9 ps. The interval period between the beating signals was about 4.3 ps, corresponding to a 0.23 THz beat pulse repetition rate. These results demonstrate its potential in producing dual-wavelength ultrashort pulses. These Yb³⁺:CaF₂-YF₃ ceramics with low-cost and short-preparation period are ideal candidate materials for ultrafast lasers.