Surface charging behaviors of electrocatalytic interfaces with partially charged chemisorbates

The surface charge is a key concept in electrochemistry. Mathematically, the surface charge is obtained from a spatial integration of the volume charge along a particular direction. Ambiguities thus arise in choosing the starting and ending points of the integration. As for electrocatalytic interfaces, the presence of chemisorbates further complicates the situation. In this minireview, I adopt a definition of the surface charge within a continuum picture of the electric double layer. I will introduce surface charging behaviors of firstly ordinary electrochemical interfaces and then electrocatalytic interfaces featuring partially charged chemisorbates. Particularly, the origin of nonmonotonic surface charging behaviors of electrocatalytic interfaces is explained using a primitive model. Finally, a brief account of previous studies on the nonmonotonic surface charging behavior is presented, as a subline of the spectacular history of electric double layer.     

金属衬底在石墨烯化学气相沉积生长中的作用

以过渡金属为催化衬底的化学气相沉积法(Chemical Vapor Deposition，CVD)已经可以制备与机械剥离样品相媲美的石墨烯，是实现石墨烯工业应用的关键技术之一。原子尺度理论研究能够帮助我们深刻理解石墨烯生长机理，为实验现象提供合理的解释，并有可能成为将来实验设计的理论指导。本文从理论计算的角度，总结了各种金属衬底在石墨烯CVD生长过程中的各种作用与相应的机理，包括在催化碳源裂解、降低石墨烯成核密度等，催化加快石墨烯快速生长，修复石墨烯生长过程中产生的缺陷，控制外延生长石墨烯的晶格取向，以及在降温过程中石墨烯褶皱与金属表面台阶束的形成过程等。在本文最后，我们对当前石墨烯生长领域中亟需解决的理论问题进行了深入探讨与展望。     

湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

气相输运沉积制备c轴择优取向的碘化铋薄膜

铋基卤化物材料因其无毒和优良的光电性能而显示出巨大的应用潜力。BiI₃作为一种层状重金属半导体,已被用于X射线检测、γ射线检测和压力传感器等领域,最近其作为一种薄膜太阳能电池吸收材料备受关注。本文采用简单的气相输运沉积(VTD)法,以BiI₃晶体粉末作为蒸发源,在玻璃基底上得到高质量c轴择优取向的BiI₃薄膜。并通过研究蒸发源温度和沉积距离对薄膜物相和形貌的影响,分析了BiI₃薄膜择优生长的机理。结果表明VTD法制备的BiI₃薄膜属于三斜晶系,其光学带隙为~1.8 eV。沉积温度对薄膜的择优取向有较大影响,在沉积温度低于270 ℃时,沉积的薄膜具有沿c轴择优取向生长的特点,超过此温度,c轴择优取向生长消失。在衬底温度为250 ℃、沉积距离为15 cm时制备的薄膜结晶性能最好,晶体形貌为片状八面体。     

雾化辅助化学气相沉积法氧化镓薄膜生长研究

采用自主设计搭建的雾化辅助化学气相沉积系统设备,开展了Ga₂O₃薄膜制备及其特性研究工作。通过X射线衍射研究了沉积温度、系统沉积压差对Ga₂O₃薄膜结晶质量的影响。结果表明,Ga₂O₃在425~650 ℃温度区间存在物相转换关系。随着沉积温度从425 ℃升高至650 ℃,薄膜结晶分别由非晶态、纯α-Ga₂O₃结晶状态向α-Ga₂O₃、β-Ga₂O₃两相混合结晶状态改变。通过原子力显微镜表征探究了生长温度对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌的影响,从475 ℃升高至650 ℃时,薄膜表面粗糙度由26.8 nm下降至24.8 nm。同时,高分辨X射线衍射仪测试表明475 ℃、5 Pa压差条件下的α-Ga₂O₃薄膜样品半峰全宽仅为190.8″,为高度结晶态的单晶α-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料。     

Synthesis of flower-like WS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Flower-like tungsten disulfide (WS₂) with a diameter of 5-10 μm is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy are used to characterize its morphological and optical properties, and its growth mechanism is discussed. The key factors for the formation of flower-like WS₂ are determined. Firstly, the cooling process causes the generation of nucleation dislocations, and then the "leaf" growth of flower-like WS₂ is achieved by increasing the temperature.     

阳离子交换皂石黏土在基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析中的应用

将一种人工合成的无机聚合物——蒙脱石皂石黏土（smectite，Sm）应用于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS），以检测糖类化合物。 将传统的有机基质2，4，6-三羟基苯乙酮（trihydroxyacetophenone, THAP）与阳离子交换后的皂石黏土混合制备成新型复合基质，应用于糖类化合物的检测。通过比较不同的制样方法，测定不同分子直径的糖类化合物，发现由于受复合基质晶面间距的限制，只有小分子糖类化合物能进入晶面间隙充分接触有机基质并被离子化，从而实现对小分子糖类化合物的选择性检测。     

Two timescales asymptotes of the weakly compressible Stokes system

We establish a two timescale asymptotics of the weakly compressible Stokes system which has dissipation of order $\epsilon >0$. For any $L^2$ initial data, over time scale of order 1, the solutions of the weakly compressible Stokes system converge strongly to those of the acoustic system as $\epsilon \to 0$. Over time scale of order $1/\epsilon$, the limit system is the incompressible Stokes system with the initial data projected on the incompressible mode. For the periodic domain, the convergence is weak due to the fast oscillation generated by acoustic waves. For the Navier-slip boundary condition with the reciprocal of slip length being square of the Knudsen number, the acoustic waves are damped by the viscous boundary layer, and consequently the strong convergence is justified.     

The pentacene films on the glass/ITO surface: structure and optical properties

Abstract

The structure, morphology and optical transmittance spectra of pentacene films on the (glass/ITO) surface were studied. The films were grown by two methods - the thermal vacuum deposition (TVD) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The electron diffraction pattern from thermally deposited pentacene films confirms their polycrystalline structure while the diffraction pattern of PLD-coated layers has a diffusion character. The results obtained showed that layers deposited by the TVD method has an optical spectrum that is characteristic for the pentacene film in contrary to the layers deposited by the PLD method. It is found a sensitivity of the optical transmittance of pentacene films to the ammonia action, which may be used for development the optical gas sensor.     

A simple method for extracting both active oily and water soluble extract (WSE) from Nigella sativa (L.) seeds using a single solvent system

The current study provides a way of extraction for both active NSO and WSE from Nigella sativa seeds using 98% methanol. About 1?kg of ground seeds was macerated by 1:2.5 w/v (g/mL) for 72?hours. After rotary evaporation and 7 days of continuous drying and chilling at 50 and 4?°C, NSO and WSE were obtained at the same instant. Solubility tests of 24 solvents and 11 thin layer chromatographic analyses while 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay of NSO (73.66) , WSE (33.32) and NSO?+?WSE (78.22) against ascorbic acid (IC50?=?4.28?mg/mL) was performed. WSE was found to be highly soluble in water and 5% NaOH exhibiting the same Rf value of 0.95 for EtOH:DMSO (9:1) against the honey. WSE has revealed more than twofold higher anti-oxidant activity than others. Formulation of WSE with Tualang honey may provide better targeted hydrophilic drug delivery systems.