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1.
Takahashi S 《Ultrasonics》2012,52(3):422-426
Highly effective piezoelectric polymer transducers operating in air at high frequencies have been successfully made by casting a solution of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF/TrFE) directly on a backing metal plate, and their performance has been evaluated. By utilizing this method, it has been possible to develop the three kinds of transducers that operate respectively at 4, 6 and 10 MHz in air. For precise evaluation of the performance of the P(VDF/TrFE) transducers, the absorption loss in air was measured up to 10 MHz. It was confirmed that the empirical formula obtained from the measured absorption values in air at high frequencies was in alignment with its theoretical value. In addition, a high lateral resolution acoustic image of a ROM-Chip (amplitude-image) at 6 MHz in air was successfully displayed using an air coupled concave type P(VDF/TrFE) transducer by bonding an epoxy adhesive.  相似文献   
2.
This article presents a review of air-coupled ultrasonics employed in the characterization or nondestructive inspection of industrial materials. Developments in air-coupled transduction and electronics are briefly treated, although the emphasis here is on methods of characterization and inspection, and in overcoming limitations inherent in the use of such a tenuous sound coupling medium as air. The role of Lamb waves in plate characterization is covered, including the use of air-coupled acoustic beams to measure the elastic and/or viscoelastic properties of a material. Air-coupled acoustic detection, when other methods are employed to generate high-amplitude sound beams is also reviewed. Applications to civil engineering, acoustic tomography, and the characterization of both paper and wood are dealt with here. A brief summary of developments in air-coupled acoustic arrays and the application of air-coupled methods in nonlinear ultrasonics complete the review. In particular, the work of Professor Bernard Hosten and his collaborators at Bordeaux is carefully examined.  相似文献   
3.
A novel technology in the paper industry makes possible to produce paper by using a mineral powder and a polymer instead of cellulose fibers. This new product is called mineral paper, it presents some potential environmental advantages compared with conventional paper, while it exhibit a similar appearance and properties. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibilities of an air-coupled ultrasonic technique using wide band signals and spectral analysis to study this kind of materials. As no direct contact nor coupling fluids between the paper and the transducers is required, this technique is specially well suited to this problem. It also offers good perspectives for the development of a on-line quality control system. A through transmission technique (0.15-2.3 MHz) is employed and Fourier analysis is performed to obtain both magnitude and phase spectra of the transmission coefficient. Properties in the thickness direction as well as in the paper plane has been determined by the excitation and analysis of thickness and plate resonances at several incident angles and different directions within the paper plane. Different paper grades (from 140 to 480 g/m2) have been studied. Very high attenuation coefficients and very low propagation velocities (and hence elastic constant) have been obtained for most cases, this can be explained by considering the large porosity of this material (up to 50%) and the microstructure: a mixture of solid grains with a resin with a relatively large fraction of air-filled pores. Measurements show that unlike conventional cellulose machine made paper this material is transversely isotropic (isotropic in the paper plane) and that the degree of anisotropy (when in-plane directions are compared with the thickness direction) largely depends on the level of resin impregnation.  相似文献   
4.
多匹配层空气耦合压电超声换能器*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
该文针对超声无损检测与成像功能空气耦合换能器开展了分析计算和研制。为解决压电材料与空气间巨大的阻抗失配问题,进行了多匹配层设计,并基于有限元技术仿真设计了1-3压电复合材料参数。借助复数压电方程,导出考虑损耗的多匹配层压电复合材料换能器厚度振动等效电路,获得其等效导纳,以此计算电导谱,同时基于有限元技术数值计算相应电导谱,二者有较好的一致性。在此基础上分别设计制作复合压电材料,多匹配层材料以及由此构成的空气耦合超声换能器。换能器的实测电导谱与数值仿真结果一致。进一步的换能器回波信号测试及其谱分析结果表明,所研制的160 k Hz中心频率空气耦合换能器样品有较好灵敏度和带宽。这些结果说明,该文研制的空气耦合超声换能器的初样是成功的。  相似文献   
5.
An air-coupled ultrasonic transducer is created by bonding a bulk piezoelectric element onto the surface of a thick plate with a wedge of power-law profile. The wedge is used to improve the ultrasonic radiation efficiency. The power-law profile provides a smooth, impedance-matching transition for the mechanical energy to be transferred from the thick plate to the air, through the large-amplitude flexural waves observed in the thinnest region of the wedge. The performance of the proposed transducer is examined numerically and compared to that of a design where the piezoelectric element is isolated and where it is affixed to a thin plate of uniform thickness. The numerical analysis is first focused on the free-field radiation of the transducers. Then, time-reversal experiments are simulated by placing the transducers inside a cavity of arbitrary shape with some perfectly reflecting boundaries. In addition to time-reversal mirrors, the proposed concept could be integrated in the design of phased arrays and parametric arrays.  相似文献   
6.
This paper investigates various types of coded waveforms that could be used for air-coupled ultrasound, using a pulse compression approach to signal processing. These are needed because of the low signal-to-noise ratios that are found in many air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation measurements, due to the large acoustic mismatch between air and many solid materials. The various waveforms, including both swept-frequency signals and those with binary modulation, are described, and their performance in the presence of noise is compared. It is shown that the optimum choice of modulation signal depends on the bandwidth available and the type of measurement being made.  相似文献   
7.
This research presents a new technique for nonlinear Rayleigh surface wave measurements that uses a non-contact, air-coupled ultrasonic transducer; this receiver is less dependent on surface conditions than laser-based detection, and is much more accurate and efficient than detection with a contact wedge transducer. A viable experimental setup is presented that enables the robust, non-contact measurement of nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves over a range of propagation distances. The relative nonlinearity parameter is obtained as the slope of the normalized second harmonic amplitudes plotted versus propagation distance. This experimental setup is then used to assess the relative nonlinearity parameters of two aluminum alloy specimens (Al 2024-T351 and Al 7075-T651). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique – the average standard deviation of the normalized second harmonic amplitudes, measured at locations along the propagation path, is below 2%. Experimental validation is provided by a comparison of the ratio of the measured nonlinearity parameters of these specimens with ratios from the absolute nonlinearity parameters for the same materials measured by capacitive detection of nonlinear longitudinal waves.  相似文献   
8.
郭占玲  沈斌  赵志钢  刘瑶 《应用声学》2024,43(1):223-236
复合材料普遍具有高比强度、高比刚度、高模量、耐腐蚀等优异性能广泛应用于飞机机翼、导弹外壳、航空发动机壳体等部位。制造和服役过程中各类缺陷影响复合材料的力学性能和服役性能,必须采用有效的方法准确检测和评估复合材料中各类缺陷。空气耦合式超声检测具有完全非接触、非侵入、无损伤的特点能够更好地运用于传统超声检测难以适应的情形具有极为广阔的发展前景 本文就近年来空气耦合超声检测技术的研究现状进行了系统综述简明扼要地分析和介绍了当前空气耦合超声检测的研究热点及进展,重点介绍了1-3型压电复合材料换能器、信号处理技术、相控聚焦式空气耦合超声检测、超声在复合材料的传播特性及其与缺陷交互作用的研究现状,探讨了空气耦合超声无损检测技术与仪器的发展方向。总结了目前空气耦合超声检测的研究热点问题,最后展望了空气耦合超声检测的发展趋势和应用前景。  相似文献   
9.
D.W. Schindel 《Ultrasonics》1998,35(8):587-594
A variety of small solid objects have been imaged in atmospheric air using a focussed, micromachined air-coupled capacitance transducer. The transducer, which was capable of generating and receiving ultrasound in air over a large frequency bandwidth (< 100 kHz 1.5 MHz) was employed in a pulse-echo arrangement such that generated waves reflected off the surface of the object before returning to the same transducer for detection. By raster scanning the transducer in a plane and recording the detected ultrasonic echo amplitude as a function of transducer position, images of object surfaces were obtained. As the transducer had been fitted with a micromachined Fresnel zone-plate, the ultrasonic waves could be focussed to a spot-size of 680 μm so as to provide images of high lateral resolution. One of the key factors in making the Fresnel zone-plate function effectively in these imaging applications involved the inclusion of a second aperture in front of the zone-plate. This additional aperture blocked the zone-plate's side-lobes and reduced the appearance of multiple (diffracted) images.  相似文献   
10.
张迪  吴先梅 《应用声学》2015,34(3):201-206
基于非接触式空气耦合超声换能器的无损检测技术在常规板材、纤维复合材料、层状结构材料、粘接界面等的检测中有了长足的发展。但是因为空气耦合超声本身的限制,对于如何提高空气声换能器的发射效率和接收灵敏度、提高检测中接收的信噪比成为这一领域的重要课题。因此有必要结合最新的信号处理技术探索新的无损检测形式。本文通过提出了基于电容式的空气声换能器阵列的构建和制作方法,应用有限元数值方法对一维线阵的空气声换能器阵列的动态偏转特性进行了模拟,并使用构建流固耦合模型对二维的空气声场及板材中的位移场进行计算。通过一维空气耦合相控阵的声束动态偏转激励了各向同性板中的Lamb波A0 和S0模式,并进行了分析,验证了此模型可以进一步用于基于空气耦合相控阵激励的Lamb波的无损检测中。  相似文献   
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