改性超支化破乳剂的合成及其破乳性能评价

采用新癸酰氯(C₁₀H₁₉CIO)对超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI)进行改性,合成了双亲性超支化破乳剂HPEI-C₁₀,并对其化学组分、热稳定性及润湿性进行了表征。考察了破乳剂的质量浓度、破乳温度、沉降时间以及pH对HPEI和HPEI-C₁₀的破乳效率的影响,并借助偏光显微镜观察破乳过程。结果表明：在质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、破乳温度为20℃、沉降时间为30 min以及pH为6的条件下,HPEI-C₁₀破乳效率可达91.95%。HPEI-C₁₀在破乳温度为20～60℃时的破乳效率均大于90.00%。与HPEI相比,HPEI-C₁₀具有添加量少、适用温度范围广和沉降时间短等优势,为HPEI-C₁₀的广泛应用提供了数据支撑。     

Evidence of self-affine multiplicity fluctuation of target residues in 84Kr-AgBr interactions at 1.7 AGeV

Self-affine multiplicity scaling is investigated in the framework of a two-dimensional factorial moment methodology using the concept of the Hurst exponent （H）. Analyzing the experimental data of target evaporated fragments emitted in ^84Kr-AgBr interactions at 1.7 AGeV revealed that the best power law behavior is exhibited for H = 0.3 indicating a self-arlene multiplicity fluctuation pattern. A signal of multifractality is also observed from knowledge of the anomalous fractal dimension dq extracted from the intermittency exponent aq of the anisotropic phase space scenario.     

[Fe(CN)_6]~(4-)在溴碘化银T-颗粒乳剂中的掺杂

本文研究了K4[Fe(CN) 6 ]掺杂对溴碘化银T 颗粒乳剂感光性能的影响 .结果表明 ,掺杂剂的掺杂量以及掺杂位置对乳剂的感光性能都有影响 .K4[Fe(CN) 6 ]的掺杂量在每克乳剂 3 1× 1 0 - 9-3 1× 1 0 - 11mol之间时 ,乳剂感光度都有提高 .最佳掺杂量为每克乳剂 3 1× 1 0 - 10 mol.掺杂位置接近表面时效果相对较好 ,表明K4[Fe(CN) 6 ]是浅电子陷阱掺杂剂 .当掺杂剂的掺杂量大于每克乳剂 3 1× 1 0 8mol,且掺杂位置在乳剂颗粒较深内部时 ,乳剂的感光度反而下降     

十八烷基超支化分子的结构表征与破乳性能

以甲醇为溶剂,用十八胺、丙烯酸甲酯和乙二胺为原料,通过迈克尔加成反应和酰胺化缩合反应,制备了1.0 G超支化分子;通过红外光谱、核磁共振手段对合成产品的结构进行了表征,且考察了十八烷基超支化分子对O/W型原油模拟乳液的破乳性能,并与传统的线性破乳剂SP-169进行了对比.结果表明:在温度为50℃、添加量为20 mg/L、破乳时间为120 min的条件下,其脱水率达到了76.2%,脱出水中的含油量为41.9 mg/L;而破乳剂SP-169在相同的条件下的脱水率为61.5%,脱出水中的含油量为52.4 mg/L.     

新仪器,新设备

在化工和其它一些行业中,常对各种粘滞度不同的液体进行消除气泡工艺处理.在除气过程中,又要考虑除气手段是否会引起溶液的物理或化学性质的变化,因此,以往在许多场合只能采取静止或减压来消除气泡的方法. 近年来,在感光化工中利用超声消除气泡在国外已有报道.上海超声波仪器厂与上海感光材料厂合作,研制了一套超声波消泡装置. 感光材料的彩色乳剂及保护膜——明胶都是粘滞度很大而且极易产生气泡的溶液.溶液中如有气泡存在,对质量影响很大.带有气泡的乳剂涂在底片上,底     

Investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments produced in 16O－Em collision at 60 A GeV

Results are presented for an investigation of the mean free path of projectile fragments with charge 3≤Z≤8, produced by 60 A GeV {}^{16}O in nuclear emulsion. No dependence of mean free path on the distance from the point of the fragment emission is observed and our result is consistent with the nonexistence of anomalons.     

反相微乳液法制备纳米Ag2S增感剂的化学增感研究

本文用反相微乳液法制备了纳米Ag2S,并用作卤化银乳剂的硫增感剂,研究了其增感效果、增感规律及可能的增感机理.反相微乳液由异辛烷、表面活性剂AOT钠盐和水形成;制得的Ag2S粒径3-5 nm;用制得颗粒增感卤化银乳剂,获得的感光性能优越于用Na2S2O3水溶液增感;增感规律的研究表明,随着乳剂中纳米Ag2S浓度的增加,模型乳剂感光度迅速提高、灰雾变化不大,并在100-200μmol/molAg左右获得最佳感光性能,进一步增加浓度则感光度呈下降趋势、灰雾升高;获得最佳感光性能所需的化学增感时间很短,约40分钟,之后感光度不再增加、灰雾上升;用漫反射光谱（DRS）作探针,跟踪记录增感时卤化银微晶表面上纳米Ag2S增感剂颗粒的演变,为新型纳米增感剂的优异增感特性提供了机理性解释.     

磁性AgBr/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

Hydrothermal processing in conjunction with in situ precipitation were successfully applied to synthesize the magnetic composite catalyst silver bromide/silver phosphate/zinc ferrite (AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄). The phase structure, composition, morphology, and optical property of this material were subsequently assessed by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Under visible light illumination, the as-prepared AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic performance during rhodamine B (RhB) degradation compared with Ag3PO4/ZnFe₂O₄, AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄, and P25 TiO₂. This new catalyst also showed excellent photocatalytic activity in both acidic and basic solutions. The RhB photodegradation rate was slightly increased at higher temperatures, and the activation energy for this reaction was determined to be 31.9 kJ·mol^-1 according to the Arrhenius equation. The high performance of the AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄ catalyst can be attributed to efficient photo-induced charge separation, and the generation of superoxide radicals and holes that are responsible for RhB degradation.     

异质结型AgBr/CuO光催化剂的合成、光崔化活性及再生

采用沉淀法制备了具有p-n异质结结构的AgBr/CuO可见光催化剂,对其结构进行了表征,通过甲基橙溶液的降解率评价了AgBr/CuO的光催化活性,并通过活性物种测试及能带结构分析推测了其光催化机理,采用3％(质量分数)溴水对使用后的AgBr/CuO进行了再生处理.结果表明,在可见光照射下,0.1gAgBr/CuO光催化剂30 min对甲基橙溶液(初始浓度为15 mg/L)的降解率高达92％,远高于同等条件下的AgBr.AgBr/CuO光催化活性提高的原因是AgBr与CuO的复合一方面使催化剂的禁带宽度变宽,提高了光生电子与光生空穴的氧化还原能力;另一方面,在两者之间形成了p-n型异质结结构,有利于光生电子的转移及光生电子与空穴的分离.采用绿色环保的溴水再生法可显著恢复催化剂的光催化活性.     

多元复合原油破乳剂的研究和应用

本文评价了几种破乳剂对克拉玛依原油的破乳效果。进行了单剂和复配剂的化学破乳及除油率的筛选。结果表明复配破乳剂在加药浓度、净化油含水和净化水含油、脱水速度等方面均优于单剂。表明复配破乳剂是高效原油破乳剂的研究方向之一。